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7 fatos que você precisa saber sobre a saúde do coração, por Novartis


News provided by

Novartis

Oct 13, 2022, 15:34 ET

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E como grande parte deles está ligada ao colesterol LDL fora da meta adequada

SÃO PAULO, 13 de outubro de 2022 /PRNewswire/ -- Grande problema de saúde pública no Brasil, as doenças cardiovasculares muitas vezes são silenciosas, sendo descobertas apenas após gerarem quadros mais graves e debilitantes, como infarto ou AVC. No Brasil, essas doenças são as maiores causas de morte, com quase 400 mil óbitos anualmente (1). Além disso, as doenças cardiovasculares (DCVs) também são a principal causa de falecimentos no mundo (2,3), contribuindo para uma em cada 3 mortes (4).  

Apesar de estarem na boca do povo, as enfermidades do coração ainda geram dúvidas e seu impacto é, com frequência, minimizado por outros problemas de saúde que acometem a população. Você sabia, por exemplo, que as doenças cardiovasculares tiram mais vidas do que todos os tipos de cânceres juntos (3)? Que o nível ideal de colesterol ruim (LDL) para quem já sofreu de AVC e infarto é bem menor em comparação a quem nunca teve episódios como esses (6)? E que a alimentação é responsável por apenas 25% do colesterol ruim (7,8,9)?  

Confira a seguir uma lista de fatos e curiosidades para entender mais sobre a saúde do coração: 

1 – O colesterol ruim fora da meta é um dos piores inimigos do seu coração 

Possuir uma taxa de LDL não controlada é o maior fator de risco para o desenvolvimento da doença aterosclerótica (7,10), que ocorre quando há entupimento dos vasos sanguíneos por placas de gordura. Essa condição, por sua vez, é uma das principais causadoras de infartos e AVCs (2,11), além de estar relacionada a outras doenças cardiovasculares, como a hipertensão. 

2 – A meta ideal de LDL não é a mesma para todos 

Na hora de olhar para suas taxas de colesterol, é fundamental prestar atenção no nível do LDL. Enquanto pessoas de baixo ou médio risco cardiovascular – aquelas sem problemas crônicos diagnosticados – podem conviver com um colesterol ruim até os 130mg/dl, quem já sofreu com AVC ou infarto, por exemplo, deve sempre manter o nível de LDL abaixo dos 50mg/dl a fim de evitar novas ocorrências desses eventos (6). Ainda assim, estima-se que 62% dos pacientes com alto e muito alto risco cardiovascular estão fora da meta recomendada de colesterol ruim (LDL) (1). Converse com seu cardiologista e entenda qual a sua meta ideal e como atingi-la. 

3 – A maioria dos óbitos por doenças do coração são devidos ao infarto e ao AVC 

Popularmente conhecidos como ataque cardíaco e derrame, o infarto e o AVC são os principais responsáveis por mortes dentre as doenças cardiovasculares (1): 61% das mortes pelas DCVs são decorrentes desses dois problemas (7), causados pela aterosclerose (7) – que ocorre principalmente devido ao colesterol ruim não controlado (7). 

4 – E o colesterol ruim fora da meta é um dos principais causadores desses dois eventos cardiovasculares 

Quando as placas de gordura entopem as artérias dos pacientes e diminuem (ou até interrompem) o fluxo sanguíneo a partes do coração ou cérebro, tem-se um quadro de infarto ou derrame. A obstrução, causada ao longo do tempo pela doença aterosclerótica (7), não apresenta sintomas e muitas pessoas não estão cientes do alto risco que desenvolver esta condição traz à vida (7).  

5 – Para reduzir o colesterol ruim, mudanças na alimentação são importantes, mas nem sempre suficientes 

Levar um estilo de vida saudável, com alimentação e atividade física regular, é fundamental para a saúde como um todo. Mas quando se trata de colesterol LDL, nem sempre é possível manter a meta apenas com mudanças na alimentação, já que a dieta é responsável por somente 25% de seus níveis (7,8,9) – especialmente nos casos de alto e muito alto risco cardiovascular, que exigem uma taxa muito reduzida. 

6 – População de média e baixa renda é a de maior risco para as doenças cardiovasculares 

Esse é o grupo de maior risco para doenças cardiovasculares, com mais de 75% das mortes (13). Os desafios para esse extrato da população são muitos, passando pelo diagnóstico de uma condição cardiovascular até o acesso e adesão ao tratamento ideal.  

7 – Sem acompanhamento, pacientes pós-infarto e AVC podem desenvolver insuficiência cardíaca 

Toda pessoa com histórico de problemas cardíacos é um potencial paciente de insuficiência cardíaca (14), inclusive aqueles pacientes que já sofreram com infarto ou AVC.  A doença é caracterizada pela falta do bombeamento correto do sangue, impedindo a sua boa circulação e, por consequência, comprometendo as necessidades de diversas partes do corpo. Os pacientes enfrentam repetidas internações e sintomas como falta de ar para atividades físicas (15), inchaços nos tornozelos e pés (16), e tosse persistente (15), que impactam a realização de atividades cotidianas e consequentemente a qualidade de vida (15). Por isso, a fim de evitar novos problemas cardiovasculares ou seu agravamento, é ideal manter o colesterol LDL dentro da meta determinada. Procure um médico cardiologista para mais informações. 

A relação do colesterol ruim com a saúde cardiovascular vai ser um dos temas do Congresso Brasileiro e Mundial de Cardiologia, que ocorre entre os dias 13 e 15 de outubro no Rio de Janeiro. Reunindo alguns dos principais especialistas da cardiologia nacional e mundial, o evento debaterá o futuro das doenças que mais matam pessoas no mundo (2,3). Entre palestras, apresentações, simpósios e mesas de conversa, serão exploradas as principais novidades de estudos científicos relacionados a novos diagnósticos, tratamentos, entre outros assuntos diversos que permeiam o universo da cardiologia.

1 Adaptado de: Global Burden Disease https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare/Global Burden Disease. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) is an independent global health research center at the University of Washington. Disponível em https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare/ 

2 World Health Organization. Cardiovascular Disease. Disponível em: www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds) 

3 American Cancer Society. Global Cancer Facts & Figures 4th Edition. Disponível em: https://www.cancer.org/content/dam/cancer-org/research/cancer-facts-and-statistics/global-cancer-facts-and-figures/global-cancer-facts-and-figures-4th-edition.pdf.  

4 Joseph P, Leong D, McKee M, et al. Reducing the Global Burden of Cardiovascular Disease, Part 1: The Epidemiology and Risk Factors. Circ Res. 2017;121(6):677-694.   

5 American Cancer Society. Global Cancer Facts & Figures 4th Edition. Disponível em: https://www.cancer.org/content/dam/cancer-org/research/cancer-facts-and-statistics/global-cancer-facts-and-figures/global-cancer-facts-and-figures-4th-edition.pdf.  

6  Précoma DB, Oliveira GMM, Simão AF, et al. Updated Cardiovascular Prevention Guideline of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology - 2019. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2019 Nov 4;113(4):787-891. 

7 Ference BA, Graham I, Tokgozoglu L, et al. Impact of Lipids on Cardiovascular Health: JACC Health Promotion Series. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018 Sep 4;72(10):1141-1156. 

8 Akesson A, Larsson SC, Discacciati A, et al. Low-risk diet and lifestyle habits in the primary prevention of myocardial infarction in men: a population-based prospective cohort study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014 Sep 30;64(13):1299-306. 

9 WebMED. Cholesterol Overview. Acesso em 04/07/2021. Disponível em https://www.webmd.com/cholesterol-management/ss/slideshow-cholesterol-overview.  

10 Mach F, Baigent C, Catapano AL, et al. 2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk. Eur Heart J. 2020;41(1):111-188.  

11 Lansberg P, Lee A, Lee ZV, Subramaniam K, Setia S. Nonadherence to statins: individualized intervention strategies outside the pill box. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2018;14:91-102.  

12 https://bvsms.saude.gov.br/aterosclerose-e-arteriosclerose 

13 Cardiovascular Disease 2020-2030: Trends, Technologies & Outlook: IDTechEx 

14 Lessa I. Epidemiologia da hipertensão arterial sistêmica e da insuficiência cardíaca no Brasil. Rev. bras. hipertens. 2001 out./dez; 8(4): 383-92.  

15 Causas da insuficiência cardíaca. Disponível em: https://saude.novartis.com.br/insuficiencia-cardiaca/causas-da-insuficiencia-cardiaca/.  

16 Marcondes-Braga FG, Moura LAZ, Issa VS e cols. Atualização de Tópicos Emergentes da Diretriz Brasileira de Insuficiência Cardíaca – 2021. Arq Bras Cardiol 2021 on line DOI: https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20210367. 

Contato: Assessoria Novartis
Telefone: 13 981709463
E-mail: [email protected]

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