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A los pacientes se les niega el acceso a tratamientos que salvan vidas debido a métodos deficientes


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Data Mining International

Nov 12, 2014, 03:00 ET

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GINEBRA, November 12, 2014 /PRNewswire/ --

Los métodos usados por algunos países para decidir qué tratamientos médicos deben estar disponibles para pacientes son peligrosamente deficientes y deberán abandonarse. Esta es la conclusión en la que se basa el proyecto de investigación ECHOUTCOME fundado por la Comisión Europea, estando dirigido por Data Mining International, una agencia de investigación independiente suiza.

Los resultados completos, publicados recientemente en un artículo científico de prestigio, destacan los principales fallos en la forma en la que algunas de las agencias de evaluación de la tecnología de salud (HTA), como el National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) de Reino Unido, recomiendan qué tratamientos deberían estar disponibles para pacientes, advirtiendo contra la adopción del sistema en Europa o más allá. Las evaluaciones NICE innovan dentro de los medicamentos, recomendando si proporcionar o no acceso al tratamiento por medio del uso de Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALY), una fórmula que pondera la duración de la vida junto a la calidad de vida.

Los descubrimientos han demostrado que la percepción en torno a la salud no se puede capturar utilizando una sencilla multiplicación. Además, las situaciones de variación con seguimiento previsto ("contra-ejemplos") que llevan a resultados divergentes derivados del mismo set de datos, lo que confirma que la aproximación QALY no cumple con los requisitos básicos para pruebas científicas serias. Según el razonamiento científico, una teoría es válida hasta que un solo contra-ejemplo invalida esta teoría. De esta forma, la teoría se considera una doctrina metafísica.

Ariel Beresniak, consejero delegado de Data Mining International especializado en el suministro de soluciones alternativas de coste contenido, explicó: "Las asociaciones de pacientes deben ser conscientes de que los tratamientos para salvar vidas son denegados basándose en una evaluación con fallos. Esta investigación proporciona una evidencia científica destacada acerca de que los QALYs producen resultados erróneos y muy inconsistentes, basándose en qué decisiones importantes se están tomando aún en Europa. Las agencias HTA que promocionan QALY deben abandonar esta métrica a favor de métodos más robustos si desean proteger a los ciudadanos".

Mientras que muchos usuarios reconocen que los resultados de QALY 'no son perfectos', insisten en que sería el 'mejor método disponible' para las decisiones de localización de recursos. Beresniak indicó que el mantenimiento de esta actitud defensiva podría denotar una falta de atención hacia las poblaciones de pacientes. Dentro de la industria de la aviación, cuando se identifican equivocaciones en un avión, el modelo normalmente se prohíbe hasta que se soluciona o se sustituye.

El artículo concluye que QALY es un método inválido para ayudar a las decisiones sanitarias, y deberá sustituirse de forma inmediata por otros métodos con eficacia destacada.

Beresniak A et al. Validation of the Underlying Assumptions of the Quality-Adjusted Life-Years Outcome: Results from the ECHOUTCOME European Project. Pharmacoeconomics. 18 de septiembre de 2014.

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