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A propagação global dos riscos da democracia estão a ser enfraquecidos por processos eleitorais fracos e pelo financiamento desenfreado das campanhas, adverte o Comité Global
  • Latin America - español

O painel eminente de ex-líderes e especialistas mundiais identificam o financiamento desenfreado das campanhas como um dos cinco desafios principais ao progresso democrático e às eleições com integridade em todo o mundo.


News provided by

Global Commission on Elections, Democracy and Security

Sep 13, 2012, 08:00 ET

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LONDRES, 13 de setembro de 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- É urgente uma acção nacional e internacional urgente para proteger e promover a integridade das eleições, diz um recente relatório do Alto Comissariado para as Eleições, Democracia e Segurança.

O relatório, Aprofundar a Democracia: uma Estratégia para Melhorar a Integridade das Eleições a Nível Mundial, constata que todos à excepção de 11 países levado a cabo eleições nacionais já neste século. Mas alguns eram profundamente irregulares, não contribuindo com nada mais do que "um falso sentimento de legitimidade" aos governos autocráticos.

A Comissão sublinha que as eleições conduzidas com integridade não só promovem valores democráticos e direitos humanos, mas também contribuem para melhorar a governança, combater a corrupção, favorecer os grupos minoritários e prestar serviços aos pobres.

Quando não conduzidas com razoabilidade, as eleições podem prejudicar a democracia, agravar o separatismo, provocar conflitos, não contribuindo para melhorar as vidas dos povos.

A Comissão de ex- líderes do mundo, de vencedores do Prémio Nobel e de excelentes profissionais e especialistas identificam cinco ameaças principais à integridade eleitoral, incluindo a introdução crescente "das finanças políticas descontroladas, ocultas, ilegais e opacas", que afectam, da mesma forma, as democracias amadurecidas e em desenvolvimento.

Os Cuidados da Comissão: "A ascensão das finanças políticas descontroladas ameaça tirar todo o sentido à democracia, em toda a parte, e destituí-la dos seus pontos fortes".

Ao constatar sistemáticos incumprimentos, dentro da comunidade internacional, no apoio às eleições com integridade, o relatório faz uma série de recomendações detalhadas, no sentido de fortalecer os processos e as normas electoral. As medidas específicas incluem:

  • Os Órgãos de Gestão Eleitoral Nacionais (EMBs) devem criar um processo global de certificação para avaliar e classificar as EMBs em termos do seu professionalismo, independência e competência, includindo um código de conduta
  • Devem encontrar-se soluções urgentes para resolver a situação de ameaça crescente à democracia provocada pelo financiamento de campanhas, de partidos e de candidatos políticos, pelo crime organizado transnacional
  • Os observadores domésticos de eleições devem cumprir as normas globais através da Rede Global de Monitores Domésticos das Eleições
  • Deve ser criada uma nova organização transnacional civil da sociedade - "integridade Eleitoral internacional" - para trazer a atenção global aos países que têm tido êxito ou têm falhado na organização de eleições om integridade
  • Osgovernos e os doadores devem dar prioridade ao financiamento e ao envolvimento político, durante todo o ciclo eleitoral, aos países com eleições problemáticas, apoiando o diálogo necessário e a participação do cidadão bem como as melhorias técnicas
  • As organizações regionais devem criar e comunicar os "limites intransponíveis" das más práticas eleitorais que, quando transpostos, provocariam a imediata condenação multilateral e penalizações.

Kofi Annan, Presidente da Comissão, diz que: "As Eleições são a raiz indispensável da democracia. Quando as eleições foram livres e justas, podem ser um catalizador poderoso para uma melhor governança, uma maior segurança e para o desenvolvimento humano. Mas na ausência de eleições credíiveis, os cidadãos não dispõe de quaisquer recursos para uma mudança política pacífica. O risco do conflito aumenta, quando a corrupção, a intimidação, e a fraude não forem controlados, fazendo apodrecer todo o sistema político a partir do seu seio."

O ex-Presidente Mexicano Dr. Ernesto Zedillo comenta: "Por mais que nós testemunhemos democracias vibrantes no mundo, vemos também vulnerabillidades em sistemas eleitorais - alguns países que estão a tentar ser democráticos são alvos de grandes irregularidades durante os processos eleitorais. A democracia está a transformar-se um valor universal, mas não teremos uma democracia forte se não dispusermos das regras, instituições, práticas e de uma cultura que conduza os processos eleitorais."

Louise Arbour, presidente e CEO do Grupo Internacional da Crise, refere também: "Os desafios em assegurar eleições com integridade não se limitam às democracias emergentes ou de transicção - mesmo os países ocidentais com uma história longa de instituições democráticas podem apresentar graves irregularidades. Enquanto as eleições se propagam pelo mundo devemos fazer tudo o necessário para termos eleições verdadeiras, com sentido - aquilo a que chamamos eleições com integridade."

Notas aos Editores: http://www.global-commission.org/notes-to-editors

FONTE  Global Commission on Elections, Democracy and Security

FONTE Global Commission on Elections, Democracy and Security

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