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Belangrijke oorzaak eczeem bij kinderen ontdekt


News provided by

Winclove Probiotics

Nov 17, 2015, 02:30 ET

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AMSTERDAM, November 17, 2015 /PRNewswire/ --

Butyraat, een korte keten vetzuur geproduceerd door bepaalde darmbacteriën, heeft een cruciale rol bij de ontwikkeling van eczeem op jonge leeftijd. Dat is een van de uitkomsten van Nederlands onderzoek van de Universiteit Leiden, St. Antonius ziekenhuis in Nieuwegein en Winclove Probiotics.

Eerder toonden de onderzoekers aan dat het geven van een probiotisch mengsel (Ecologic®PANDA) een beschermend effect heeft op de ontwikkeling van eczeem in de eerste 3 maanden van het leven van kinderen met hoog risico (PandA study, Niers et al 2009). Het effect was significant tot het tweede levensjaar.

Om de onderliggende biologische mechanismen te verklaren, maten de onderzoekers de hoeveelheid metabolieten in de ontlasting van de 3 maanden oude kinderen. Ze vonden hogere concentraties butyraat bij gezonde kinderen vergeleken met kinderen die later eczeem ontwikkelden. De onderzoekers concluderen dat lagere niveaus van korte keten vetzuren vooraf lijken te gaan aan de zichtbare ontwikkeling van eczeem.

Verschillen al vroeg aanwezig 

De verschillen in niveaus van korte keten vetzuren waren al aanwezig op de leeftijd van 3 maanden, maar bij de meeste kinderen ontwikkelde het eczeem zich pas na het eerste levensjaar. Deze resultaten benadrukken de mogelijke rol van metabolieten (stofwisselingsproducten) van bacteriën bij de ontwikkeling van het afweersysteem, zelfs voor de zichtbare uiting van een allergie. De bevindingen zijn in lijn met andere studies naar de mogelijke rol van butyraat en andere korte keten vetzuren bij het ontstaan van eczeem (Bottcher et al 2000, Nylund et al 2014).

Butyraat 

Butyraat speelt een belangrijke rol bij de differentiatie van regulerende afweercellen in het lichaam. Butyraat kan worden gestimuleerd door prebiotica (niet-verteerbare bestanddelen in voeding die de groei van gezonde bacteriën bevorderen) of indirect door probiotica (levende micro-organismen in voeding).

Biologische mechanismen 

De onderzoekers denken dat het geven van een probiotisch mengsel leidt tot hogere niveaus van lactaat en korte keten vetzuren, en lagere niveaus van lactose en succinaat. Dat kan het tijdelijke preventieve effect van probiotica verklaren op de ontwikkeling van eczeem. Het geeft een mogelijke verklaring voor de biologische mechanismen achter de gevonden effecten van probiotica in het PandA-project.

Bron: Kim, H.K et al. Probiotic supplementation influences faecal short chain fatty acids in infants at high risk for eczema. Beneficial microbes 2015

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