Cancer Vaccines Market Anticipates Impressive Growth Trajectory at a CAGR of 36% During the Forecast Period (2026-2036) | DelveInsight

The growth of the cancer vaccine market is expected to be mainly driven by increasing incidence, rising awareness and access to treatment, and the emergence of novel therapies such as OSE2101 (OSE Immunotherapeutic), Intismeran autogene (Merck/Moderna Therapeutics), CYLEMBIO (IO102-IO103) IO Biotech), Galinpepimut S (SELLAS Life Sciences), BNT113 (BioNTech), RP2 (Replimune), and others.

LAS VEGAS, Sept. 21, 2026 /PRNewswire/ -- DelveInsight's Cancer Vaccines Market Size, Target Population, Competitive Landscape & Market Forecast report includes a comprehensive understanding of current treatment practices, addressable patient population, which includes top indications such as Melanoma, Lung Cancer (NSCLC), Bladder Cancer, Prostate Cancer, Breast Cancer, Pancreatic Cancer, Head and Neck Cancer, Cervical Cancer, and Other Solid Tumors. The selected indications are based on approved therapies and ongoing pipeline activity. The report also provides insights into the emerging cancer vaccines, market share of individual therapies, and current and forecasted market size from 2022 to 2036, segmented into leading markets (the US, EU4, UK, and Japan).

Key Takeaways from the Cancer Vaccines Market Report

• The cancer therapeutic vaccines market size was found to be ~USD 335 million in the leading markets (the United States, the EU4 (Germany, France, Italy, and Spain), the United Kingdom, and Japan) in 2025.
• The United States accounted for the largest cancer vaccine market size of the total market size in the 7MM in 2025, i.e., 87% compared to other major markets, including the EU4 countries (Germany, France, Italy, and Spain), the United Kingdom, and Japan.
• The report provides the total potential number of patients in the indications, such as Melanoma, Lung Cancer (NSCLC), Bladder Cancer, Prostate Cancer, Breast Cancer, Pancreatic Cancer, Head and Neck Cancer, Cervical Cancer, and Other Solid Tumors.
• In the 7MM, total cases across selected indications for cancer therapeutic vaccines were highest for prostate cancer, at approximately 2.8 million cases in 2025, and are projected to increase by 2036.
• Leading companies developing cancer vaccines include OSE Immunotherapeutic, Moderna Therapeutics, Merck, CG Oncology, Os Therapies, Northwest Biotherapeutics, Advent Bioservices, Greenwich Lifesciences, Tuhura Biosciences, Genelux Corporation, Briacell Therapeutics, Oncotherapy Science, Shionogi, Transcode Therapeutics, CanariaBio, Candel Therapeutics, Sellas Life Sciences, BioNTech, Aston Sciences, IO Biotech, and others. 
• Some of the key cancer vaccines in clinical trials include OSE-2101 (TEDOPI), Intismeran Autogene (MRNA-4157/V940), Cretostimogene Grenadenorepvec, OST-HER2, DCVAX, GLSI-100, IFX-HU2.0 (IFX-2.0), Olvimulogene Nanivacirepvec (OLVI-VEC), SV-BR-1-GM (BRIA-IMT), S-588410, SEVIPROTIMUT L, Oregovomab, Aglatimagene Besadenovec (CAN-2409), Galinpepimut-S (GPS), BNT113, AST-301, AST-201, IO102-IO103, and others.

Discover the latest studies on cancer vaccines 2026 @ https://www.delveinsight.com/report-store/cancer-vaccines-market

Key Factors Driving the Cancer Vaccines Market 

• Rising Global Cancer Burden: The increasing incidence of cancer worldwide is creating a greater need for innovative preventive and therapeutic treatment approaches. The growing patient population is expanding the potential demand for cancer vaccines across multiple cancer types.
• Advancements in Cancer Immunotherapy: Rapid progress in immuno-oncology is improving understanding of how the immune system can recognize and attack tumor cells. These advances are supporting the development of therapeutic cancer vaccines designed to generate targeted anti-tumor immune responses.
• Growth of Personalized Cancer Vaccines: Advances in genomic sequencing and biomarker identification are enabling the development of personalized vaccines based on individual tumor mutations. Neoantigen-based vaccine approaches are attracting significant interest because of their potential to provide highly targeted treatment.
• Increasing Adoption of mRNA Vaccine Technology: The success of mRNA-based vaccine platforms has accelerated investment and technological development in cancer vaccine research. mRNA platforms offer flexible manufacturing and can potentially encode multiple tumor-specific antigens within a single vaccine.
• Expansion of Clinical Trials and Product Pipelines: Pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies are increasing investments in clinical-stage cancer vaccine candidates targeting melanoma, lung cancer, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, and other malignancies. A growing pipeline of candidates such as OSE-2101 (TEDOPI; OSE Immunotherapeutic), Intismeran Autogene (MRNA-4157/V940; Moderna Therapeutics and Merck), Cretostimogene Grenadenorepvec (CG Oncology), OST-HER2 (Os Therapies), and others is supporting market expansion and increasing opportunities for commercialization.

Sadaf Javed, Functional Head of Forecasting & Analytics at DelveInsight, said that prostate cancer is expected to account for ~18% of the cancer therapeutic vaccines market in 2036. Melanoma, breast cancer, NSCLC, and NMIBC are among the fastest-growing segments during 2031–2036.

Cancer Vaccines Market Analysis

• Cancer vaccines are progressing from an experimental immunotherapy approach toward a more established clinical opportunity, driven by advances in tumor sequencing, neoantigen discovery, mRNA-based platforms, and computational technologies for antigen prediction. 
• Despite these advances, the market continues to face a substantial gap between encouraging immunogenicity and the ability to consistently translate immune responses into meaningful late-stage clinical outcomes.
• Melanoma has emerged as a key benchmark for immune-based therapeutic development due to its high immunogenicity, established use of immune checkpoint inhibitors, and the availability of validated oncolytic and immunotherapy approaches. 
• At the same time, cancer vaccine development is expanding into challenging solid tumors, including Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, and other tumor types, thereby broadening the potential addressable patient population.
• Although the approved therapeutic landscape remains relatively limited, it is gradually expanding beyond the pioneering cancer vaccine Sipuleucel-T (PROVENGE). 
• Sipuleucel-T continues to represent the established therapeutic cancer vaccine and is approved in the US for the treatment of asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Its demonstrated survival benefit provides clinical validation for the potential of vaccine-based immunotherapy.
• The broader immunotherapy landscape is also receiving regulatory validation through the development of oncolytic viral therapies. Talimogene laherparepvec (IMLYGIC) and Teserpaturev/G47Δ (DELYTACT) established commercial precedents in melanoma and malignant glioma, respectively. 
• In addition, Telomelysin (OBP-301/suratadenoturev) received full approval in Japan in 2026 for esophageal cancer. 
• More recently, Vusolimogene oderparepvec (TUDRIQEV) received FDA accelerated approval in August 2026 in combination with nivolumab for PD-1-refractory advanced melanoma, further highlighting the potential of localized immune activation and combination-based treatment strategies.
• The field is increasingly moving toward personalized neoantigen vaccines, supported by advances in tumor sequencing, artificial intelligence-driven antigen prediction, mRNA technologies, and computational platforms. 
• These technologies enable the development of vaccine candidates tailored to the unique mutational characteristics and antigenic profiles of individual tumors, supporting a more personalized approach to cancer immunotherapy.
• Combination therapy has increasingly become a central development strategy, with cancer vaccines frequently being evaluated alongside PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and other immune-modulating agents. 
• These combinations are intended to strengthen vaccine-induced T-cell responses while addressing the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. As a result, cancer vaccines are increasingly being positioned as immune-priming platforms or therapeutic backbones rather than as standalone treatments.
• Earlier-stage disease and minimal residual disease settings represent another significant opportunity for cancer therapeutic vaccines. Patients with lower tumor burden may provide a more favorable setting for vaccine-induced immune control compared with those with heavily advanced or pretreated disease. 
• Accordingly, adjuvant, perioperative, and Measurable Residual Disease (MRD)-directed strategies may offer greater opportunities to demonstrate recurrence-free and overall survival benefits.
• The cancer therapeutic vaccines pipeline is highly diversified, encompassing a broad range of late-stage and innovative candidates being developed by leading companies and research organizations. 
• Key candidates include OSE2101, Intismeran autogene, IO102-IO103 (CYLEMBIO), GLSI-100, OST-HER2, DCVax, Aglatimagene besadenovec (CAN-2409), Cretostimogene grenadenorepvec, Olvi-Vec, Seviprotimut L, Oregovomab, S-588410, Galinpepimut S, BNT113, AST-301, AST-201, and other emerging therapeutic vaccine programs.

Learn more about the FDA approved cancer vaccines @ Approved Cancer Vaccines 2026

Cancer Vaccines Competitive Landscape

Some of the cancer therapeutic vaccines under development include OSE-2101 (TEDOPI; OSE Immunotherapeutic), Intismeran Autogene (MRNA-4157/V940; Moderna Therapeutics and Merck), Cretostimogene Grenadenorepvec (CG Oncology), OST-HER2 (Os Therapies), DCVAX (Northwest Biotherapeutics and Advent Bioservices), GLSI-100 (Greenwich Lifesciences), IFX-HU2.0 (IFX-2.0; Tuhura Biosciences), Olvimulogene Nanivacirepvec (OLVI-VEC; Genelux Corporation), SV-BR-1-GM (BRIA-IMT; Briacell Therapeutics), S-588410 (Oncotherapy Science/Shionogi), SEVIPROTIMUT L (Transcode Therapeutics), Oregovomab (CanariaBio), Aglatimagene Besadenovec (CAN-2409; Candel Therapeutics), Galinpepimut-S (GPS; Sellas Life Sciences), BNT113 (BioNTech), AST-301 (Aston Sciences), AST-201 (Aston Sciences), IO102-IO103 (IO Biotech), and others.

OSE Immunotherapeutic's OSE-2101 is a novel T-cell epitope-based cancer vaccine targeting five tumor-associated antigens. It is designed as an off-the-shelf immunotherapy that activates and differentiates tumor-specific T-cell responses and promotes the expansion of tumor-reactive lymphocytes in HLA-A2-positive cancer patients. According to ClinicalTrials.gov, the Phase III ATALANTE-1 trial evaluating OSE-2101 in patients with advanced or metastatic NSCLC was terminated prematurely due to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, encouraging overall survival outcomes observed in patients with secondary resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) supported continued clinical development. 

OSE-2101 is currently being evaluated in ARTEMIA, a new registrational Phase III study comparing the therapy with docetaxel in HLA-A2-positive patients with metastatic NSCLC who have developed secondary resistance to ICIs. Additional Phase II programs include CombiTED, which is evaluating OSE-2101 in combination with nivolumab (OPDIVO) in NSCLC; TEDOPaM, assessing the therapy with FOLFIRI in pancreatic cancer; and TEDOVA, investigating OSE-2101 alone or in combination with pembrolizumab (KEYTRUDA) in ovarian cancer. The U.S. FDA has granted Orphan Drug Designation (ODD) to OSE-2101 for the treatment of NSCLC.

Moderna Therapeutics and Merck's Intismeran autogene is an investigational, personalized mRNA-based Individualized Neoantigen Therapy (INT) that incorporates synthetic mRNA encoding up to 34 patient-specific neoantigens identified from an individual tumor. The therapy is designed to generate a targeted antitumor immune response by stimulating and expanding neoantigen-specific T cells according to the unique mutational profile of each patient's tumor. Merck and Moderna are advancing the intismeran autogene clinical development program across multiple tumor types and treatment settings, including ongoing Phase III studies in melanoma and NSCLC, as well as additional trials in other solid tumors and earlier-stage disease. In February 2023, the combination of intismeran autogene and pembrolizumab received FDA Breakthrough Therapy Designation for the adjuvant treatment of patients with high-risk melanoma following complete surgical resection. In April 2023, intismeran autogene received PRIME Scheme Designation from the EMA for the adjuvant treatment of patients with high-risk Stage III/IV melanoma following complete resection.

IO Biotech's IO102-IO103 is an investigational therapeutic cancer vaccine designed to target both tumor cells and immunosuppressive cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). The therapy stimulates the activation and expansion of T cells directed against indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and/or programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)-expressing cells. Results from the pivotal Phase III IOB-013/KN-D18 trial (NCT05155254) in first-line advanced melanoma were presented at ESMO 2025. Although the combination of IO102-IO103 with pembrolizumab demonstrated a numerical improvement in progression-free survival (PFS), the primary PFS endpoint did not reach statistical significance. Following these findings, the company planned discussions with the FDA regarding the potential design of a new registrational Phase III study. The Phase II solid-tumor basket study NCT05077709 has been completed, while NCT05280314 is evaluating IO102-IO103 in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings for patients with resectable melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN).

Candel Therapeutics' CAN-2409, also known as aglatimagene besadenovec, is an investigational, off-the-shelf, replication-defective adenoviral therapy designed to deliver the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk) gene directly to tumor cells and stimulate a systemic antitumor immune response. Candel is currently evaluating CAN-2409 in NSCLC, borderline-resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and localized, non-metastatic prostate cancer. In May 2026, the company reported new findings from extended follow-up of its randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pivotal Phase III trial of aglatimagene besadenovec in patients with intermediate- to high-risk localized prostate cancer. The results showed a consistent clinical benefit across multiple exploratory endpoints and further supported the positive topline findings initially reported in December 2024 following an additional 20 months of follow-up.

The anticipated launch of these emerging therapies are poised to transform the cancer vaccines market landscape in the coming years. As these cutting-edge therapies continue to mature and gain regulatory approval, they are expected to reshape the cancer vaccines market landscape, offering new standards of care and unlocking opportunities for medical innovation and economic growth.

To know more about leading biopharmaceutical companies developing cancer vaccines, visit @ Cancer Vaccines Market

Recent Developments in the Cancer Vaccines Market

• In August 2026, Merck and Moderna announced positive Phase III INTerpath-001 results, with intismeran autogene significantly improving recurrence-free survival (RFS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) versus KEYTRUDA alone in resected melanoma. It marks the first positive Phase III readout for an individualized neoantigen and mRNA-based cancer therapy.
• In August 2026, the US FDA granted accelerated approval to vusolimogene oderparepvec (TUDRIQEV) in combination with nivolumab for adults with unresectable advanced cutaneous melanoma.
• In August 2026, Positive Phase III INTerpath-001 results in completely resected Stage IIB-IV melanoma were presented for Intismeran autogene.
• In July 2026, VCN-01 has FDA/EMA Orphan Drug and FDA Rare Pediatric Disease designations for retinoblastoma, with potential Priority Review Voucher eligibility if FDA approval is obtained by September 30, 2029. 
• In May 2026, the US FDA granted Fast Track designation for the treatment of unresectable or metastatic cutaneous melanoma to DOC1021. 
• In March 2026, Candel Therapeutics is in an ongoing dialogue with the FDA in preparation for the anticipated submission of a BLA for aglatimagene besadenovec in prostate cancer in Q4 2026.
• In January 2026, the FDA granted Fast Track Designation (FTD) for HPV16-positive head and neck cancer to BNT113.

Cancer Vaccines Epidemiology Segmentation

The cancer vaccines market report is a comprehensive and specialized analysis, offering in-depth epidemiological insights for the study period 2022–2036 across the leading markets. Approximately 10–20% of patients with melanoma develop metastatic disease, with the risk increasing substantially among patients with thicker, ulcerated, or regionally advanced tumors.

The cancer vaccines target patient pool is segmented into:

• Total Eligible Patient Pool for Cancer Vaccines in Selected Indications
• Total Cases of Selected Indications for Cancer Vaccines 
• Total Treated Cases in Selected Indications for Cancer Vaccines

Scope of the Cancer Vaccines Market Report

• Cancer Vaccines Patient Population Forecast
• Cancer Vaccines Therapeutics Market Size
• Cancer Vaccines Pipeline Analysis
• Cancer Vaccines Market Size and Trends
• Cancer Vaccines Market Opportunity
• Cancer Vaccines Market Unmet Needs
• KOL's Views on Cancer Vaccines
• Cancer Vaccines Market Access and Reimbursement

Download the report to understand the clinical development of cancer vaccines @ Cancer Vaccines Current Status 2026

Table of Contents

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