Carnegie Mellon's Marcel Just To Receive Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award

PITTSBURGH, July 9, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- Carnegie Mellon University's Marcel Just — a leading neuroscientist who focuses on how language comprehension and problem-solving emerges from brain processes — has been selected to receive the Society for Text and Discourse Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award.

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The society's most prestigious award is given to honor scholars who make outstanding scientific contributions to the study of discourse processing and text analysis, and to recognize excellence in research, mentoring and advancements to the field. Previous award winners include the University of Colorado's Walter Kintsch, Stanford University's Herb Clark and the University of Glasgow's Tony Sanford and Simon Garrod.

"Marcel Just has made significant advancements towards our understanding of how the brain processes information," said Jane Oakhill, chair of the award committee.

Just, the D.O. Hebb Professor of Psychology within Carnegie Mellon's Dietrich College of Humanities and Social Sciences and director of the university's Center for Cognitive Brain Imaging, will receive the award at the society's annual meeting in Montreal, July 10-12. On Wednesday, July 11, Just, a Montreal native, will give a keynote lecture on "Changing Brains for Changing Times." In the talk, he will discuss how brain capabilities have been changed as a result of cultural, educational, work-habit and epigenetic influences and how these brain-imaging findings foreshadow possibilities for shaping the brains of the future.

"Marcel Just is enormously deserving of this award," said John Lehoczky, dean of the Dietrich College. "It underscores the value that his research has had to cognitive science and psycholinguistics and its impact on important societal issues such as autism and dyslexia. I expect that he will continue to have a major impact on these fields for many years to come."

A pioneer in psycholinguistic research, Just has consistently used cutting-edge technologies to understand reading comprehension in healthy individuals as well as individuals with autism and dyslexia and forms of brain damage. He originated the use of eye-tracking in studying reading research and was one of the first scientists to use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the neural basis of reading comprehension.

Just's seminal 1992 research on working memory constraints on comprehension has since influenced a generation of discourse researchers. His Cortical Collaborative Capacity-Constrained Activation-based Production Systems (4CAPS) family of cognitive architectures has served as a foundation for building models of language comprehension, mental imagery, fluid intelligence, problem-solving and dual-tasking. As a whole, his body of research highlights the continuity between language comprehension and other complex forms of cognition.

Currently, Just continues to use fMRI brain imaging to understand how brain processes underpin various kinds of human thought, specifically in the areas of autism, dyslexia and multi-tasking. Additional groundbreaking discoveries include identifying the "team play" among brain areas — a theory that explains how the brain compensates for damage from injuries such as stroke by recruiting back-up players; demonstrating that the white matter in the brains of children who are poor readers can be changed and their reading improved through reading remediation; and predicting autistic brain activity and behavior with his "Frontal-Posterior Underconnectivity Theory of Autism."

Additionally, Just and his CMU colleague Tom Mitchell applied machine-learning computational techniques to brain imaging data to identify the contents of an individual's thoughts of concrete objects. This allowed them, for the first time, to read the minds of people in a brain scanner, thus establishing the new field of neurosemantics.

Just's pivotal and instrumental work has helped to establish Carnegie Mellon as a world leader in brain sciences. The university has launched a Brain, Mind and Learning initiative to build from the research excellence in psychology, computer science and computation to continue to solve real-world problems.

For more information on Just, visit http://www.ccbi.cmu.edu/.

Related Links:

Autism as a Neural Systems Disorder: A Theory of Frontal-Posterior Underconnectivity [pdf]

Carnegie Mellon Scientists Discover First Evidence of Brain Rewiring in Children

Altering Cortical Connectivity: Remediation-Induced Changes in the White Matter of Poor Readers [pdf]

A neurosemantic theory of concrete noun representation based on the underlying brain codes [pdf]

About Carnegie Mellon University: Carnegie Mellon (www.cmu.edu) is a private, internationally ranked research university with programs in areas ranging from science, technology and business, to public policy, the humanities and the arts. More than 11,000 students in the university's seven schools and colleges benefit from a small student-to-faculty ratio and an education characterized by its focus on creating and implementing solutions for real problems, interdisciplinary collaboration and innovation. A global university, Carnegie Mellon's main campus in the United States is in Pittsburgh, Pa. It has campuses in California's Silicon Valley and Qatar, and programs in Asia, Australia, Europe and Mexico. The university is in the midst of "Inspire Innovation: The Campaign for Carnegie Mellon University," which aims to build its endowment, support faculty, students and innovative research, and enhance the physical campus with equipment and facility improvements.

SOURCE Carnegie Mellon University