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      CGTN: Dlouhodobé plánování je klíčem k trvalému růstu Číny


      News provided by

      CGTN

      Jun 17, 2021, 10:20 ET

      Share this article

      Share this article


      PEKING, 17. června 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- Americký ministr zahraničí Antony Blinken několik dní před dubnovým summitem ke Dni Země věnovaným klimatickým změnám přiznal, že USA zaostávají za Čínou ve vývoji technologií potřebných k boji proti změně klimatu. 

      Globální dominance Číny v oblasti obnovitelných zdrojů energie není náhodná. Je to výsledek dlouhodobého plánování, které se stalo charakteristickým rysem čínského státního zřízení. 

      Continue Reading
      CGTN:Long-term planning key to China's continuous growth
      CGTN:Long-term planning key to China's continuous growth

      Základem čínského ekonomického plánování jsou pětileté plány, které byly zahájeny v roce 1953 a zpočátku se řídily centralizovaným sovětským systémem. V prvních letech se hospodářské a výrobní cíle vždy nedařilo plnit podle plánu a úředníci se dopouštěli chyb.

      Například během tzv. „Velkého skoku vpřed", ekonomické kampaně z konce 50. let, jejímž cílem byla transformace Číny z agrární na průmyslovou ekonomiku, se mnoho cílů nepodařilo splnit, protože byly příliš ambiciózní. Kampaň tak skončila katastrofou.

      Země se z této zkušenosti poučila, stanovila si dosažitelné cíle a v následujících letech vše pečlivě konzultovala. Až v sedmdesátých letech 20. století, kdy byla zahájena převratná politika „reforem a otevírání se", svět skutečně zpozorněl.

      Od té doby je pětileté strategické plánování Komunistické strany Číny všeobecně považováno za nástroj nepřetržité čínské hospodářské expanze a za základ její transformace v druhou největší ekonomiku světa. 

      Silná centralizace z minulosti byla změněna ve prospěch široké podpory národních rozvojových cílů. Proto mají větší šanci na úspěch. Podněty se získávají od ministerstev, státních podniků, provinčních správ, vědců a think-tanků, delegátů KSČ, politických stran mimo KSČ a soukromého sektoru.

      Výsledkem je, že čínská ekonomika vzrostla z více než 76 miliard dolarů (493 miliard jüanů) v roce 1981 na téměř 16 bilionů dolarů (100 bilionů jüanů) v roce 2020. HDP na obyvatele bylo v roce 1978 srovnatelné s indickým a činilo přibližně 200 dolarů (1 280 jüanů). Dnes je oproti sousednímu státu pětkrát vyšší a činí 10 000 dolarů (64 000 jüanů).

      Čínští představitelé často zdůrazňují, že při rozdělování zdrojů by měl hrát rozhodující roli trh a že země se nikdy nemůže vrátit k dominantní centrálně plánované ekonomice.

      Pětileté plány spojují viditelnou ruku vlády a neviditelnou ruku trhu, aby se Čína stala druhou největší ekonomikou světa.

      https://news.cgtn.com/news/2021-06-16/Long-term-planning-key-to-China-s-continuous-growth-116PwO0Zd1S/index.html

      Foto: https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/1534850/image.jpg 

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