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CGTN: La planificación a largo plazo es clave para el crecimiento continuo de China
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News provided by

CGTN

Jun 16, 2021, 22:54 ET

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PEKÍN, 16 de junio de 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- En abril, unos días antes de la cumbre por el Día Mundial de la Tierra, Antony Blinken, secretario de estado estadounidense, reconoció, en relación con el cambio climático, que los Estados Unidos se había quedado rezagado respecto a China en cuanto al desarrollo de la tecnología necesaria para frenar el cambio climático. 

El predominio global de China en la energía renovable no es casualidad. Es el resultado del tipo de planificación a largo plazo que se ha convertido en una característica conocida del sistema de gobierno del país. 

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CGTN: La planificación a largo plazo es clave para el crecimiento continuo de China (PRNewsfoto/CGTN)
CGTN: La planificación a largo plazo es clave para el crecimiento continuo de China (PRNewsfoto/CGTN)

La base de la planificación económica de China ha sido sus planes quinquenales, que comenzaron en 1953 y que en un principio siguieron el modelo del sistema soviético centralizado. En los primeros años, los objetivos económicos y de producción no siempre fueron planificados, y los funcionarios cometieron errores.

Por ejemplo, durante el Gran Salto Adelante, una campaña económica que surgió a finales de los cincuenta para transformar a China de una economía agraria a una industrial, muchos objetivos no se alcanzaron porque eran demasiado ambiciosos. Como resultado, la campaña terminó en desastre.

El país aprendió de esa experiencia, trazando objetivos alcanzables y consultando ampliamente en los años siguientes. No fue sino hasta la década de los setenta, y la introducción de las revolucionarias políticas de "reforma y apertura", que el mundo realmente se sentó y prestó atención.

Desde entonces, la planificación visionaria estratégica quinquenal del PCC ha sido ampliamente reconocida por facilitar el crecimiento económico continuo en China y apoyar su transformación en la segunda economía más grande del mundo. 

La intensa centralización del pasado se ha modificado en favor de una amplia aceptación de los objetivos nacionales de desarrollo. Por lo tanto, tienen más posibilidades de tener éxito. Se solicita el aporte de los ministerios gubernamentales, las empresas estatales, las administraciones provinciales, los académicos y los centros de estudios, los representantes del PCC de las organizaciones sociales de base, los partidos políticos que no pertenecen al PCC y el sector privado.

El resultado es que la economía de China creció de más de USD 76.000 millones (CNY 493.000 millones) en 1981 a casi USD 16 billones (CNY 100 billones) en 2020. El PIB per cápita del país fue comparable al de la India en 1978 de aproximadamente USD 200 (CNY 1.280). Hoy en día, es cinco veces mayor que el de su vecino, llegando a USD 10.000 (CNY 64.000).

Los líderes de China a menudo enfatizan que se debe permitir que el mercado desempeñe un papel decisivo en la asignación de recursos, y el país no puede regresar nunca más a una economía dominante de planificación central.

Los planes quinquenales combinan la mano visible del Gobierno y la mano invisible del mercado para convertir a China en la segunda economía más grande del mundo.

https://news.cgtn.com/news/2021-06-16/Long-term-planning-key-to-China-s-continuous-growth-116PwO0Zd1S/index.html

Fotografía: https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/1534900/image.jpg

FUENTE CGTN

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