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China financia a Ucrania en la sustitución del gas por carbón
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News provided by

Worldwide News Ukraine

Dec 27, 2012, 05:28 ET

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KIEV, Ucrania, December 27, 2012 /PRNewswire/ --

La compañía estatal de petróleo y gas Naftogaz ha firmado un acuerdo de crédito de 3.656 millones de dólares estadounidenses con el China Development Bank, de propiedad estatal, para financiar el programa de sustitución de gas natural con carbón de producción local. Está previsto que el programa mejore la seguridad energética de Ucrania y alivie la dependencia del gas natural de procedencia extranjera.

El contrato., garantizado por el Gobierno de Ucrania, estipula la implementación de cuatro proyectos de inversión separados, dedicados a la transferencia de las instalaciones de producción de energía térmica nacional para el uso de combustible de carbón y agua, además de construir cinco plantas de gasificación de carbón.

Si tiene éxito, el proyecto permitirá la sustitución de unos 4.000 millones de metros cúbicos de gas natural con carbón, creando 2.020 puestos de trabajo, ayudando a Ucrania a ahorrar una media de 1.500 millones de dólares estadounidenses al año y estimulando la producción de 10 millones de toneladas de carbón nacional por año. Además, Ucrania recibirá tecnología moderna, actualizará la infraestructura y creará un mercado fuerte para los productores nacionales de carbón.

Con anterioridad, Ucrania había expresado su interés en la tecnología china para la gasificación de carbón y producción de combustible de carbón y agua. En la actualidad "la gasificación de carbón ofrece una de las formas más versátiles y limpias para convertir carbón en electricidad, hidrógeno y otros productos energéticos valiosos", afirmó George Muntean, del Departamento de Energía del Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, cuando fue preguntado por sciencedaily.com. La gasificación del carbón no implica la quema del carbón; en su lugar la roca se rompe utilizando una elevada temperatura y presión. Esta tecnología permite una extracción más sencilla del dióxido de carbono procedente de un flujo de gas.

Otra opción para Ucrania es el uso del combustible de estiércol de carbón y agua, a menudo denominado como carbón en agua o CWS, en lugar de petróleo y gas en las centrales energéticas y de calor. Este combustible es una mezcla de carbón y agua. El uso de CWS permite la reducción de emisiones en la atmósfera entre un 20% y un 35%. Hay que indicar que este combustible es a prueba de explosiones. Además, el precio del CWS podría ser de entre un 30% y un 70% menor que el del petróleo o el gas debido a las localizaciones geográficas de los campos de petróleo y gas.

El aumento de la producción energética procedente del carbón se alinea con los objetivos de Ucrania de fortalecer su independencia energética. Según el State Program on Energy Efficiency 2010-2015, Ucrania reducirá el consumo de energía nacional al aumentar la eficacia energética, desarrollando reservas de gas nacionales, presentando la tecnología de producción de energía verde y diversificando las importaciones de gas.

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