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China finanziert die Umstellung von Gas auf Kohle in der Ukraine
  • USA - Français
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News provided by

Worldwide News Ukraine

Dec 27, 2012, 09:24 ET

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KIEW, Ukraine, December 27, 2012 /PRNewswire/ --

Das staatliche Öl- und Gasunternehmen Naftogaz hat einen Kreditvertrag über 3,656 Milliarden US-Dollar mit der ebenfalls staatlichen China Development Bank unterzeichnet, um ein Programm zur Umstellung von Erdgas auf lokal geförderte Kohle zu finanzieren. Das Programm soll die Sicherheit der Energieversorgung in der Ukraine verbessern und die Abhängigkeit des Landes von importiertem Erdgas verringern.

Der mit einer Garantie der ukrainischen Regierung versehene Vertrag sieht die Umsetzung vier separater Investmentprojekte vor, in deren Rahmen landeseigene Anlagen für die Erzeugung thermischer Energie auf die Verarbeitung von Kohle-Wasser-Schlamm umgestellt werden sollen. Zudem sollen fünf Kohlevergasungsanlagen gebaut werden.

Im Erfolgsfall wird das Projekt etwa vier Milliarden Kubikmeter Erdgas durch Kohle ersetzen, 2.020 Arbeitsplätze schaffen, der Ukraine zu Einsparungen in Höhe von durchschnittlich 1,5 Milliarden US-Dollar jährlich verhelfen und die Förderung von jährlich 10 Millionen Tonnen Kohle im eigenen Land antreiben. Zudem wird die Ukraine moderne Technologie erhalten, Infrastrukturen modernisieren und einen starken Markt für nationale Kohleproduzenten schaffen.

Die Ukraine hatte zuvor Interesse an chinesischer Technologie zur Kohlevergasung und Herstellung von Kohle-Wasser-Schlamm bekundet. Heutzutage "ist die Kohlevergasung eines der vielfältigsten und saubersten Verfahren zur Umwandlung von Kohle in Elektrizität, Wasserstoff und sonstige wertvolle Energieträger", so ein Zitat von George Muntean vom Pacific Northwest National Laboratory des US-Energieministeriums auf sciencedaily.com. Bei der Kohlevergasung wird keine Kohle verbrannt. Stattdessen wird Kohlegestein unter hohen Temperaturen und hohem Druck gespalten. Die Technologie vereinfacht die Abscheidung von Kohlendioxid aus dem Gasstrom.

Eine weitere Möglichkeit für die Substitution von Erdöl und Erdgas in der Ukraine besteht in der Nutzung von Kohle-Wasser-Schlamm, auch Kohle-in-Wasser oder CWS genannt, in Heiz- und Energiekraftwerken. Der Brennstoff besteht aus einem Kohle-Wasser-Gemisch. Die Nutzung von CWS ermöglicht eine Reduzierung der atmosphärischen Emissionen um 20 bis 35 Prozent. Berichten zufolge ist der Brennstoff explosionssicher. Aufgrund der geografischen Lage der Erdöl- und Erdgasfelder könnte der Preis von CWS um 30 bis 70 Prozent unter dem Preis von Erdöl- und Erdgas liegen.

Der Ausbau der Energieerzeugung aus Kohle ist Teil der Strategie des Landes, seine Unabhängigkeit bei der Energieversorgung zu erhöhen. Im Rahmen des staatlichen Programms zur Energieeffizienz 2010-2015 will die Ukraine den Energieverbrauch im Land durch eine Verbesserung der Energieeffizienz, die Entwicklung landeseigener Gasvorkommen, die Einführung von Technologien zur Erzeugung von Ökostrom und die Diversifizierung der Gasimporte senken.

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