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Climate Policy Initiative descobre que o apoio a políticas sólidas, de longo prazo, é essencial para reduzir os custos de financiamento de projetos de energia renovável
  • USA - English

As tarifas de bonificação "Feed-in-Tariffs (FiTs)" e "Feed-in-Premia (FiPs)" e o sistema de cotas "Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS)", aplicados através de contratos de longo prazo de eletricidade ou de prêmios, reduziram os custos de financiamento, de acordo com estudos de casos


News provided by

Climate Policy Initiative

Oct 03, 2011, 09:00 ET

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SÃO FRANCISCO, 3 de outubro de 2011 /PRNewswire/ -- A análise da Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) de seis projetos de energia renovável de grande escala nos Estados Unidos e na Europa revelou que políticas podem promover as maiores reduções nos custos de financiamento de projetos, ao garantir uma base de receitas de longo prazo, oferecer uma certeza de receitas e reduzir as percepções de risco dos investidores. O CPI identificou maneiras específicas, nas quais as políticas afetaram o custo do financiamento desses projetos e fez uma estimativa da magnitude desses efeitos, ao definir modelos de uma variedade de cenários de políticas para cada projeto. A análise revelou que:

  • A duração da base de receitas que é menor em 10 anos (com um nível elevado de apoio para manter o interesse do investidor) aumenta os custos de financiamento de 11% a 15% do custo da eletricidade.
  • Comparado com uma base de receita de preço fixo (tais como uma FiT ou um RPS aplicados a acordos de compra de eletricidade), um prêmio sobre os preços de mercado, que garante os mesmos retornos a investidores de equidade (através da FiP ou de Certificados de Energia Renovável de preço fixo), aumenta os custos de financiamento de 4% a 11% dos custos de eletricidade.
  • Maior risco percebido – modelado com o uso de retornos de equidade no segmento superior das expectativas do setor – aumenta os custos de financiamento de 3% a 9% dos custos de eletricidade. Uma variedade de fatores pode contribuir para esse risco percebido, desde a credibilidade das políticas a riscos tecnológicos.

"Nossa ferramenta de modelagem financeira quantifica o impacto de políticas específicas nos custos de financiamento", disse o diretor sênior para Pesquisa e Programas do CPI, David Nelson. "Essa ferramenta pode ajudar os formuladores de política a entender o impacto de suas decisões sobre política de energia renovável em projetos da vida real", declarou.

O CPI usou informações públicas disponíveis e estimativas do setor para analisar um conjunto de projetos maduros e inovadores de energia solar e eólica nos Estados Unidos e na Europa. Todos os projetos estudados exigiram o apoio de políticas para atrair investimento suficiente. No entanto, os tipos de incentivos disponíveis para projetos americanos e europeus eram significativamente diferentes. Os projetos americanos utilizaram incentivos múltiplos e menores, muitos dos quais eram provenientes de políticas de suporte a custos, sustentadas pelos contribuintes de impostos, tais como incentivos tributários. Os projetos europeus contaram, na maioria, com políticas de suporte a receitas, sustentadas por contribuintes de tarifas, tais como feed-in-tariffs e feed-in-premia.

O CPI também explorou a questão sobre como projetos de energia renovável podem atrair capital de baixo custo:

  • O risco inerente à construção e operação de projetos inovadores é de grande interesse para os investidores, particularmente provedores de empréstimos. Sem o financiamento de empréstimos a longo prazo, os custos do projeto inovador americano de torres de energia solar que estudamos teriam um aumento em torno de 38% do custo da eletricidade. Políticas como empréstimos e garantias governamentais podem ajudar a remover essa barreira ao financiamento acessível.
  • Os Investidores institucionais irão investir em projetos de energia renovável se tiverem conhecimentos para avaliar esses projetos, lhes forem asseguradas certeza de receita e sejam protegidos contra riscos de políticas e de conclusão de projetos. Riscos de conclusão de projetos podem ser eliminados com o apoio de políticas e contratos privados.

O Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) é uma organização global de análise e consultoria da eficácia de políticas, financiada por George Soros. A missão do CPI é avaliar, diagnosticar e apoiar os esforços das nações para conseguir um crescimento com baixa emissão de carbono.

FONTE  Climate Policy Initiative

FONTE Climate Policy Initiative

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