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Confirmado: fumar durante el embarazo es una de las causas de labio y paladar hendido como defectos de nacimiento
  • USA - English

March of Dimes exhorta a las mujeres a dejar de fumar antes de embarazarse


News provided by

March of Dimes

Jan 17, 2014, 09:35 ET

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WHITE PLAINS, Nueva York, 17 de enero de 2014 /PRNewswire-HISPANIC PR WIRE/ -- Un nuevo informe de U.S. Surgeon General confirma que fumar durante el embarazo causa nacimientos con labio y paladar hendido.  

"Hoy sabemos que fumar durante el embarazo puede perjudicar la salud tanto de la madre como del bebé. Al dejar el tabaco antes o durante el embarazo la mujer no solo mejora su propia salud: puede salvar a su bebé de nacer con una talla demasiado pequeña y un defecto de nacimiento grave que desfigure su rostro", dijo el Dr. Edward R. B. McCabe, director del cuerpo médico de March of Dimes. "Fumar durante el embarazo expone al bebé a sustancias químicas peligrosas como la nicotina, el monóxido de carbono y el alquitrán. Estas sustancias químicas pueden reducir la cantidad de oxígeno que llega al bebé y afectan su crecimiento y desarrollo".

El informe "Las consecuencias del tabaquismo en la salud—50 años de avances" fue publicado hoy por Surgeon General en homenaje al informe insignia de 1964 que documentó las muertes y enfermedades causadas por el hábito de fumar.

El informe también señala que pueden atribuirse alrededor de 1,000 muertes de infantes al año al tabaquismo. De ellas, aproximadamente 40% se clasifican como síndrome de muerte súbita infantil, es decir, la muerte sin explicación de un bebé de menos de un año mientras duerme.

Más de 7,000 bebés nacen cada año en Estados Unidos con paladar o labio hendido, y fumar incrementa el riesgo de 30 a 50%; este riesgo aumentado puede evitarse al dejar el tabaco. Alrededor de 23% de las mujeres embarazadas fuman.

Hay dos clases de defectos bucales de este tipo: labio hendido, cuando el labio superior no se forma por completo y muestra una abertura, y paladar hendido, cuando el paladar superior no se forma por completo y muestra una abertura. Ambos defectos causan problemas para la alimentación y pueden generar infecciones de oídos, problemas de audición, dificultad para hablar y problemas dentales.

Además de los defectos de labio y paladar hendido, se sabe que fumar durante el embarazo influye en la probabilidad de nacimientos prematuros y mortinatos.

Las secciones de March of Dimes en todo el país financian programas para mujeres que desean dejar el tabaco, solicite informes en la sección correspondiente a su área. March of Dimes también cuenta con información para mujeres interesadas en dejar de fumar en su sitio web: http://www.marchofdimes.com/pregnancy/smoking-during-pregnancy.aspx

Algunas ideas que pueden ayudar a dejar el tabaco:

  • Escriba sus razones para dejar el tabaco. Repase la lista cuando sienta la tentación de fumar.
  • Defina un "día para dejar de fumar". En esa fecha tire a la basura todos sus cigarros o puros, encendedores y ceniceros.
  • Beba mucha agua.
  • Mantenga las manos ocupadas con una pequeña pelotita para el estrés o tejiendo.
  • Manténgase ocupada. Pruebe dar un paseo o concentrarse en sus quehaceres para evitar la idea del antojo.
  • Entre comidas, consuma verduras crudas o masque chicle sin azúcar para apaciguar la necesidad de tener algo en la boca.
  • Aléjese de lugares, actividades y personas que le despierten el deseo de fumar.
  • Pida el apoyo de su pareja o una amistad para dejar de fumar.
  • Solicite a su proveedor de atención a la salud ayudas para dejar de fumar como parches, chicles, spray nasal y medicamentos. No empiece a usar estas ayudas sin el visto bueno de su profesional de la atención a la salud, especialmente si está embarazada.

Las investigaciones, las campañas educativas, las vacunas y los avances de March of Dimes han beneficiado a las madres y los bebés durante más de 75 años. En marchforbabies.org encontrará información sobre cómo ayudar a recaudar fondos destinados a la prevención de los nacimientos prematuros y los defectos de nacimiento al unirse a la caminata March for Babies. Encuéntrenos en Facebook y síganos en Twitter. El evento March for Babies 2014 cuenta con los auspicios nacionales del patrocinador corporativo número uno de March of Dimes Kmart y de Macy's, Famous Footwear, Cigna, Sanofi Pasteur, Mission Pharmacal, United Airlines y Actavis.

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