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D'après le Financial Times, l'Ukraine ambitionne de redevenir le grenier à blé de l'Europe
  • USA - español


News provided by

Worldwide News Ukraine

Dec 21, 2012, 01:54 ET

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KIEV, Ukraine, December 21, 2012 /PRNewswire/ --

L'article de Roman Olearchyk dans le Financial Times  rappelle qu'« avec ses terres noires fertiles et son abondante production de céréales, l'Ukraine était autrefois considérée comme le « grenier » de l'Europe ». Vingt ans après son indépendance, l'Ukraine veut de nouveau être au premier rang mondial des exportateurs d'orge, de maïs, de blé et d'huile de tournesol.

L'Ukraine, qui traditionnellement était un des plus importants producteurs agricoles parmi les états de l'ancienne Union Soviétique, a traversé une période difficile au cours des années 90. D'après l'OCDE, le PIB agricole ukrainien a subi une baisse de 50 % entre 1991 et 1999. Il a fallu au pays environ 10 ans pour augmenter sa récolte de céréales au-delà des 55 millions de tonnes en 2011, comparé à moins de 25 millions de tonnes en 1996, 1999 et 2000.

Le potentiel de l'Ukraine est encore immense et peut permettre au pays de devenir un des principaux producteurs mondiaux de denrées alimentaires. Le 26 juillet, le premier ministre Mykola Azarov a dévoilé un projet visant à augmenter la production annuelle de céréales jusqu'à 80 - 100 millions de tonnes et celle de légumes jusqu'à 30 - 40 millions de tonnes. La concrétisation de ces objectifs dépend en grande partie des investissements réalisés.

L'article du Financial Times indique que selon la Banque européenne pour la reconstruction et le développement, l'Ukraine est susceptible d'augmenter de 100 % sa production d'oléagineux et de céréales, au cours de la prochaine décennie.

De toute évidence, le climat, la situation géographique, le réseau ferroviaire et le coût de la main d'œuvre sont autant d'atouts pour l'agriculture ukrainienne. Au cours d'une interview accordée au Financial Times au mois de septembre, l'expert ukrainien Bohdan Chomiak a déclaré que « l'agriculture est le seul secteur de l'économie ukrainienne à avoir obtenu des résultats positifs pendant et après la crise financière mondiale qui s'est déclenchée à la fin 2008 ». Il a également indiqué qu'à l'heure actuelle, le secteur ne fonctionnait qu'à 40 % de sa capacité.

L'Ukraine peut prétendre faire partie des principaux pays agricoles au monde. Avec une superficie de 60 millions d'hectares (148 millions d'acres), le pays possède environ 42 millions d'hectares (103 millions d'acres) de terres agricoles, y compris 33 millions d'hectares (plus de 81 millions d'acres) de terres arables. Presque la moitié des terres arables ukrainiennes sont constituées de terres noires, le sol le plus propice à l'agriculture. À l'heure actuelle, l'Ukraine est le premier exportateur mondial d'orge. D'après Erste Bank, l'Ukraine est devenue en 2011 le premier exportateur mondial de tournesol.

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