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deCODE genetics publica un estudio multiómico sobre la enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólico
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deCODE genetics

Oct 24, 2022, 11:00 ET

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Científicos de deCODE genetics, en Islandia, han descubierto variantes de pérdida de función raras y protectoras que apuntan a posibles dianas farmacológicas para la enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólico (HGNA).

REYKJAVIK, Islandia, 24 de octubre de 2022 /PRNewswire/ -- Científicos de deCODE genetics, una filial de Amgen, publican hoy en Nature Genetics un amplio estudio de asociación genómica sobre la enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólico (HGNA).

Se identificaron variantes de secuencia que se asocian con HGNA, incluidas variantes de pérdida de función raras y protectoras que apuntan a posibles objetivos farmacológicos. Los análisis proteómicos del plasma proporcionaron más información sobre la patogénesis del HGNA.

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Gardar Sveinbjornsson leading author on the paper with Kari Stefansson CEO and founder of deCODE genetics.   Copyright/deCODE genetics
Gardar Sveinbjornsson leading author on the paper with Kari Stefansson CEO and founder of deCODE genetics. Copyright/deCODE genetics

La enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólico (HGNA) es un problema de salud cada vez mayor y se calcula que afecta hasta al 25% de la población mundial. El hígado graso no alcohólico (HGNA), cuando más del 5% del hígado es grasa sin causas identificables como el consumo excesivo de alcohol, es la primera etapa de la enfermedad del HGNA. El HGNA puede evolucionar hacia la esteatohepatitis no alcohólica (NASH), que a su vez puede evolucionar hacia la cirrosis hepática y el carcinoma hepatocelular (CHC). La enfermedad del HGNA puede ser difícil de diagnosticar y controlar, y en la actualidad no hay ningún tratamiento disponible. Por ello, la identificación de posibles dianas farmacológicas y biomarcadores es de gran importancia.

Se llevó a cabo un amplio estudio de asociación de todo el genoma del HGNA, la cirrosis hepática y el CHC, y los resultados se integraron con datos de expresión y proteómicos. Para el HGNA se utilizaron 9.491 casos clínicos de Islandia, Reino Unido, Estados Unidos y Finlandia, además de la fracción grasa de densidad de protones (PDFF) extraída de 36.116 resonancias magnéticas hepáticas. Entre las variantes de secuencia que los científicos encontraron, en la población islandesa, había variantes raras, protectoras y de pérdida de función previstas en MTARC1 y GPAM, lo que sugiere que la inhibición de MTARC1 o GPAM podría ser terapéutica para la HGNA o NASH.

Se analizaron los niveles de miles de proteínas medidas en el plasma, identificando posibles biomarcadores de la enfermedad, de la progresión de la misma o del compromiso con el objetivo, y se construyeron modelos que pueden discriminar entre un HGNA y una cirrosis utilizando los datos de la proteómica. Los resultados, por tanto, proporcionan una vía para el desarrollo de herramientas no invasivas para evaluar y diagnosticar la enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólico.

Además, se exploraron los efectos pleiotrópicos de las variantes identificadas observando las asociaciones con otros 52 fenotipos y rasgos. El IMC es uno de los factores de riesgo más comunes de la enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólico y las medidas longitudinales de PDFF sugirieron que los portadores de p.Ile148Met, la variante de riesgo de enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólico bien conocida, en PNPLA3 son más susceptibles de cambiar el IMC que los no portadores.

Hasta la fecha, este estudio es uno de los mayores realizados para arrojar luz sobre las bases genéticas de la enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólico y es de esperar que los resultados contribuyan al desarrollo de herramientas de diagnóstico o terapias que puedan ayudar a los pacientes que la padecen.

CONTACTO:
Thora Kristin Asgeirsdottir,
[email protected]
+354 894 1909
deCODE genetics

Foto - https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/1926826/deCODE_genetics.jpg

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