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deCODE genetics revela la creación de la población humana descubierta por medio de los antiguos genomas de Islandia
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deCODE genetics

May 31, 2018, 02:00 ET

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REIKIAVIK, Islandia, May 31, 2018 /PRNewswire/ --

En un estudio publicado hoy, los científicos de deCODE genetics han informado acerca de nuevos descubrimientos sobre la fundación de la población de Islandia y su evolución posterior, basándose en un ADN antiguo. El estudio se muestra hoy a través de la edición online de Science.

Islandia se creó hará unos 1.100 años, durante el punto álgido de la era vikinga. Al secuenciar los genomas de 25 antiguas calaveras que databan de las primeras generaciones de los asentamientos, y comparándolas con los genomas de los habitantes contemporáneos de Islandia, Escandinavia y las islas británicas e irlandesas, el equipo de deCODE logró demostrar que la mayor parte de los asentados tuvieron una mezcla pura nórdica o gaélica. Algunos ya estaban mezclados a su llegada a Islandia y tuvieron como origen presumiblemente los asentamientos vikingos en las islas británicas e irlandesas. Los ancestros nórdicos en Islandia aumentaron, pasando del 57% en la época de los asentamientos hasta el 70% de la actualidad. Este cambio se puede explicar por medio de un éxito menos reproductor de los asentamientos gaélicos, muchos de ellos llevados a Islandia en forma de esclavos. Otro factor contribuyente puede ser la inmigración posterior desde Dinamarca.

Un descubrimiento sorprendente del estudio es que, como resultado del giro genético, los islandeses contemporáneos se han desviado de sus ancestros en Escandinavia y en las islas británicas e irlandesas, al tiempo que los asentamientos de la época vikinga se diferencian de forma eficaz de los representantes modernos de estas poblaciones fuente. Finalmente, los nuevos informes del estudio indican el primer descubrimiento de una persona con síndrome de Klinefelter basándose en el ADN antiguo.

"La mezcla de poblaciones y la colonización de nuevos territorios son temas recurrentes en la propagación de los humanos por el mundo durante los últimos 70.000 años", afirmó Agnar Helgason, uno de los autores del documento. "Nuestro estudio del ADN desde los inicios de los islandeses de la era vikinga proporciona la primera investigación en profundidad sobre cómo se crea una nueva población por medio de una mezcla".

"Las hambrunas y epidemias repetidas han llevado a una pérdida sustancial de la diversidad de secuencia del grupo genético islandés, causando que se aleje de sus poblaciones fuente en Escandinavia y las islas británicas e irlandesas", destacó Kári Stefánsson, consejero delegado de deCODE y uno de los autores del documento. "Se trata de un ejemplo fascinante de cómo se modelan las poblaciones por medio de su entorno, en este caso las condiciones duras y marginales de la Islandia medieval. Se trata además de otra demostración sobre cómo nuestra pequeña pero correctamente caracterizada población puede seguir llevando a cabo contribuciones importantes con los procesos fundamentales genéticos y de evolución que modelan nuestras especies".

Con sede central sita en Reikiavik, Islandia, deCODE es un líder mundial en el análisis y compresión del genoma humano. Utilizando su experiencia única y recursos de población, deCODE ha descubierto los factores de riesgo genéticos para docenas de enfermedades comunes. El objetivo de la comprensión de la genética de la enfermedad es utilizar esta información para crear nuevos medios de diagnosis, tratamiento y prevención de la enfermedad. deCODE es una filial de propiedad completa de Amgen (NASDAQ: AMGN).

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