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deCODE genetics: Una variante de secuencia que aumenta el riesgo de pérdida del embarazo
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deCODE genetics

Jan 29, 2024, 05:00 ET

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REYKJAVIK, Islandia, 29 de enero de 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- Científicos de deCODE genetics, una filial de Amgen, y sus colaboradores de Islandia, Dinamarca y EE.UU. publicaron hoy un estudio en Nature Structural & Molecular Biology titulado "La variante en la proteína del complejo sinaptonémico SYCE2 se asocia con la pérdida del embarazo a través de efectos sobre la recombinación".

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Valgerdur Steinthorsdottir project leader at deCODE genetics and Kári Stefánsson CEO of deCODE genetics
Valgerdur Steinthorsdottir project leader at deCODE genetics and Kári Stefánsson CEO of deCODE genetics

Si bien está bien establecido que las anomalías cromosómicas son una de las principales causas de abortos espontáneos, no se comprende bien la biología detrás de las pérdidas de embarazos con o sin errores cromosómicos. Más de 114.000 mujeres de Islandia, Dinamarca, Reino Unido, EE.UU. y Finlandia que han experimentado una pérdida de embarazo participaron en un estudio de asociación de todo el genoma, en el que se probaron 50 millones de variantes de secuencia. Se descubrió que una variante sin sentido de baja frecuencia en el gen SYCE2 aumenta el riesgo de pérdida del embarazo en un 22%.

En un informe anterior de los científicos de deCODE se demostró que esta variante sin sentido se asocia con fenotipos de recombinación en los cromosomas que se transmitieron de la madre. La recombinación entre cromosomas homólogos es una parte esencial de la meiosis, la generación del óvulo y el espermatozoide humanos. El producto de SYCE2 forma parte de un complejo proteico que es esencial para el alineamiento de cromosomas homólogos para la recombinación y se predice que la variante sin sentido asociada con la pérdida del embarazo y la recombinación afectará la estabilidad de este complejo proteico.

Una inspección más cercana del efecto de la variante en la recombinación reveló un efecto en el posicionamiento de los cruces que es proporcional a la longitud de los cromosomas: cuanto más largo es el cromosoma, mayor es el efecto. El efecto sobre la recombinación se mide en individuos nacidos vivos. Los autores proponen que este efecto puede ser más extremo en embarazos que se pierden y puede contribuir a la pérdida del embarazo. La asociación con la pérdida del embarazo no tiene en cuenta la pérdida de embriones en las primeras etapas de la gestación antes de que se detecte el embarazo, por lo que se puede subestimar el efecto de la variante en el éxito del embarazo.

Los hallazgos reportados en este estudio demuestran que una variante con un efecto sustancial sobre las recombinaciones puede mantenerse en la población a pesar de aumentar el riesgo de pérdida del embarazo.

Con sede en Reykjavik, Islandia, deCODE es líder mundial en el análisis y la comprensión del genoma humano. Utilizando su experiencia única y sus recursos poblacionales, deCODE ha descubierto factores de riesgo genéticos para docenas de enfermedades comunes. deCODE es una filial de propiedad total de Amgen (NASDAQ: AMGN). 

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