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deCODE genetics:La tasa, naturaleza y transmisión de mutaciones del ADN mitocondrial en humanos
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deCODE genetics

Jun 07, 2024, 11:00 ET

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Un nuevo estudio de deCODE Genetics utiliza pedigríes y datos de secuencia de 64.806 islandeses para arrojar luz sobre la tasa y la naturaleza de las mutaciones en el ADN mitocondrial (ADNmt) y la dinámica peculiar de su transmisión materna.

REYKJAVIK, Islandia, 7 de junio de 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- En un artículo publicado hoy en Cell, científicos de deCODE Genetics, una subsidiaria de Amgen, presentan el estudio más grande hasta la fecha sobre mutaciones de la línea germinal del ADNmt en humanos y su transmisión a través de 116.663 pares madre-hijo. El estudio documenta el sorprendente alcance de la hipermutabilidad en algunas posiciones del ADNmt, incluida la conocida mutación nociva A>G en la posición 3243 que causa el síndrome MELAS. La mutación se produjo 15 veces en los 2.548 linajes matrilineales, pero por lo general desapareció después de varias generaciones, debido a su grave impacto en la salud de los portadores.

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Kari Stefansson senior author on the paper and CEO of deCODE genetics with Agnar Helgason and Erla Rut Arnadottir, scientists at deCODE genetics and authors on the paper
Kari Stefansson senior author on the paper and CEO of deCODE genetics with Agnar Helgason and Erla Rut Arnadottir, scientists at deCODE genetics and authors on the paper

Se descubrió una fuerte evidencia agregada para la selección contra muchas de estas mutaciones nocivas de corta duración del ADNmt en las genealogías. El equipo de deCODE también notificó evidencia de un episodio anterior extenso de selección negativa que afecta a las mitocondrias, llamado selección de la línea germinal, donde las moléculas de ADN mitocondrial que funcionan mal se descartan durante el desarrollo de los ovocitos. Finalmente, utilizaron la gran cantidad de transmisiones de mutaciones de ADNmt en los pedigríes para estimar de manera fiable que los individuos heredan, en promedio, solo alrededor de 3 unidades de ADNmt de sus madres, menos de lo indicado por estudios anteriores.

"Es notable que los cientos de miles de ADNmt transportados por los ovocitos se deriven de solo unas tres de las moléculas de ADNmt originalmente transportadas por la madre", señaló Agnar Helgason, autor correspondiente del artículo. "Este drástico cuello de botella determina la rápida velocidad a la que las nuevas mutaciones en la línea germinal del ADNmt pueden perderse o fijarse en tan solo un puñado de generaciones en un pedigrí, y puede deberse en parte a un proceso de selección durante el desarrollo de los ovocitos, donde las moléculas de ADNmt con mutaciones perjudiciales se eliminan de la línea germinal".

"Este estudio nos acerca unos pasos más a la comprensión de la base de la extraordinaria variación en las tasas de mutación entre los nucleótidos del genoma del ADNmt, incluso entre diferentes alelos en la misma posición", afirmó Kári Stefánsson, consejero delegado de deCODE y autor correspondiente del papel. "Desafortunadamente, es la hipermutabilidad de algunas mutaciones patógenas lo que las ha hecho tan prevalentes y, por lo tanto, más fáciles de descubrir. Sin embargo, nuestros hallazgos sugieren que aún quedan por descubrir muchas mutaciones patógenas más raras del ADNmt que son responsables de la carga de enfermedades en las poblaciones humanas".

Vídeo: https://vimeo.com/953941695/4467620687?share=copy

Contacto:
Thora Kristin Asgeirsdottir
deCODE genetics
354 894 1909
E-mail: thoraa@decode.is

Foto - https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/2432556/deCODE_genetics_Kari_Erla_Agnar.jpg
Logo - https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/1535464/deCODE_genetics_Amgen_Logo.jpg

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