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Die Debatte über MSZ ist vorbei; es ist an der Zeit, die MSZ-Therapie in der Praxis zu fördern
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News provided by

Tasly

Feb 26, 2025, 23:56 ET

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TIANJIN, China, 27. Februar 2025 /PRNewswire/ -- Die Debatte über mesenchymale Stromazellen (MSCs) im Vergleich zu mesenchymalen Stammzellen hält seit mehr als zwei Jahrzehnten (seit 2006) an und ist das größte Hindernis für die Erforschung und klinische Anwendung von MSCs. Das Hauptproblem besteht darin, dass mesenchymale Stammzellen ohne eine gründliche Prüfung auf Sicherheit (z. B. Tumorbildung) nicht für die klinische Anwendung zugelassen werden können. Alle präklinischen Studien haben jedoch bewiesen, dass die derzeit hergestellten und verwendeten MSZ sicher sind, ohne die für Stammzellen relevanten Bedenken, sodass es sich um mesenchymale Stromazellen und nicht um Stammzellen handelt. Doch wo bleibt die Zulassung?

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Eine jüngste Veröffentlichung in HELIYON beendet die Debatte. Die vom Regenerative Medicine Research Center am West China Hospital und dem Tasly Stem cell Biology Laboratory vorgestellte Arbeit „Unveiling Distinctions Between Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Stem Cells by Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis"(Aufdeckung der Unterschiede zwischen mesenchymalen Stromazellen und Stammzellen durch Transkriptomanalyse einzelner Zellen) durchbricht die Dynamik der Verwirrung bei der Entwicklung der MSZ-Therapie sowohl grundlegend als auch praktisch.

Mithilfe fortschrittlicher Einzelzell-RNA-Sequenzierung (scRNA-seq) und Pseudozeit-Trajektorienanalyse stellte die Forschungsgruppe fest, dass Stammzellen robuste Selbsterneuerungs- und Differenzierungsfähigkeiten aufweisen, während mesenchymalen Stromazellen (MSCs) die Expression dieser entscheidenden Stammzellengene fehlt. Zu diesen Genen gehören SOX2, NANOG, POU5F1, SFRP2, DPPA4, SALL4, ZFP42 und MYCN. Andererseits gibt es fünf kritische Stromazell-Funktionsgene, TMEM119, FBLN5, KCNK2, CLDN11 und DKK1, die nur in mesenchymalen Stromazellen, nicht aber in Stammzellen exprimiert werden.

Die Studie ergab, dass es sich bei den derzeit häufig verwendeten MSCs aus verschiedenen Geweben um mesenchymale Stromazellen handelt. Allerdings wurden diese Zellen (MSCs) lange Zeit in vielen Fällen als Stammzellen missbraucht. Obwohl das Sicherheitsproblem aufgrund der Beschaffenheit von MSZ vernachlässigt wird, ist die therapeutische Wirksamkeit dieser Zellen aufgrund der Unklarheit über ihren Wirkmechanismus ein großes Problem. Der Wirkmechanismus von Stammzellen wird durch ihre Fähigkeit zur Differenzierung vermittelt, um die geschädigten funktionellen Zellen zu ersetzen, während der Wirkmechanismus von Stromazellen durch die Homing- und Exkretionsfunktion vermittelt wird, die zu einer Verjüngung der Mikroumgebung führt. Selbstverständlich müssen diese beiden verschiedenen Zelltypen aufgrund ihrer unterschiedlichen Funktion im Wirt unterschiedlich genutzt werden.

Dieser neue Durchbruch beendet daher nicht nur die Debatte über MSZ, sondern trägt auch und vor allem dazu bei, unsere Bemühungen um eine effektive Anwendung von MSZ in der klinischen Praxis neu auszurichten.

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