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El ácido fólico salva a 1,300 bebés todos los años de defectos congénitos graves del cerebro y médula espinal, según estudio
  • USA - English


News provided by

March of Dimes

Jan 15, 2015, 02:30 ET

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WHITE PLAINS, Nueva York, 15 de enero de 2015 /PRNewswire/ -- Al fortificar los alimentos de granos con el ácido fólico vitamina B, se ha impedido que nazcan unos 1,300 bebés al año con defectos congénitos graves del cerebro y médula espinal, conocidos como defectos del tubo neural (NTD), según nuevos datos publicados por los Centros de Control y Prevención de Enfermedades de los Estados Unidos en Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR). El número de bebés nacidos en los Estados Unidos con estas condiciones se ha disminuido un 35 por ciento desde 1998.

Aproximadamente 3,000 embarazos en los Estados Unidos todavía se ven afectados por los NTD cada año. March of Dimes dice que aun con productos de granos fortificados, es posible que muchas mujeres sigan sin obtener suficiente ácido fólico. A pesar de que la organización insta a todas las mujeres a tomar vitaminas con ácido fólico, solamente un tercio lo hace.

"Todas las mujeres que pueden tener un bebé deberían estar tomando una multivitamina con ácido fólico todos los días", según recomienda Siobhan M. Dolan, M.D., MPH, coautora del primer libro de March of Dimes, Healthy Mom, Healthy Baby: The Ultimate Pregnancy Guide. "También es buena idea comer alimentos que contienen folato, la forma natural del ácido fólico, incluyendo lentejas, verduras de hoja verde, frijoles negros, y jugo de naranja, así como los que han sido reforzados con ácido fólico, tales como pan y pasta, y cereales enriquecidos".

Desde que la fortificación de alimentos con ácido fólico entró en vigor en 1998, el porcentaje de bebés nacidos con un NTD ha disminuido un 35 por ciento, de acuerdo al análisis de los CDC titulado "Updated Neural Tube Defect Prevalence Estimates after Mandatory Folic Acid Fortification – United States, 1995-2011", publicado en el MMWR de hoy. Un estudio separado, "Supplement Use and Other Characteristics among Pregnant Women with a Previous Neural Tube Defect-Affected Pregnancy—United States, 1997-2009", que también se encuentra en el MMWR, encontró que entre las mujeres que habían tenido un bebé previo con un NTD, las que en embarazo posterior tomaron una dosis elevada de ácido fólico (4 miligramos) tenían menos probabilidades de tener un bebé con un NTD que aquellas mujeres que no tomaron ácido fólico. Los artículos están disponibles en www.cdc.gov/mmwr.

Los autores urgen a las mujeres que han tenido un embarazo afectado por un NTD a seguir las recomendaciones de los CDC de tomar una dosis elevada de ácido fólico comenzando al menos cuatro semanas antes de quedar embarazadas y continuar durante el primer trimestre del embarazo.

Las mujeres hispanas siguen teniendo 20 por ciento más probabilidades de tener un niño con un NTD que las mujeres blancas no hispanas, según la nueva investigación. Ello podría tal vez explicarse por el hecho de que la harina de trigo está fortificada con ácido fólico, pero la harina de maíz, muy popular entre las mujeres hispanas, no.

March of Dimes y otras organizaciones han pedido a la Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos de los Estados Unidos que fortifique la harina de maíz con ácido fólico con la esperanza de reducir la tasa de los NTD entre las hispanas.

March of Dimes es la principal organización sin fin de lucro para el embarazo y salud del bebé. Durante más de 75 años, las madres y los bebés se han beneficiado de la investigación, la educación, las vacunas y los avances de March of Dimes. Descubra cómo puede ayudar a prevenir los partos prematuros y defectos congénitos uniéndose a March for Babies en marchforbabies.org. Para los últimos recursos e información más reciente, visite marchofdimes.org o nacersano.org. Encuéntrenos en Facebook y Twitter.

FUENTE March of Dimes

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http://www.marchofdimes.org

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