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      El consumo de drogas y fármacos que alteran el estado de ánimo durante el embarazo: los riesgos de la marihuana medicinal y los opioides por prescripción médica


      News provided by

      March of Dimes

      Dec 10, 2015, 12:00 ET

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      March of Dimes
      March of Dimes

      NUEVA YORK, 10 de diciembre de 2015 /PRNewswire-HISPANIC PR WIRE/ --- La marihuana es la droga ilegal de uso más común durante el embarazo y, ahora que se ha legalizado en muchos estados ya sea con fines recreativos o médicos, los proveedores de atención a la salud se preocupan cada vez más por los riesgos que su consumo representa para la salud.

      Logo - http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20150409/197662LOGO

      Los analgésicos opioides por prescripción médica también son de uso común entre las mujeres en edad fértil en los Estados Unidos y la incidencia del síndrome de abstinencia neonatal (SAN), concepto que describe los graves síntomas de abstinencia que pueden sufrir los bebés, se quintuplicó en todo el país entre los años 2000 y 2012.

      Dos importantes especialistas presentaron los hallazgos científicos más recientes en cuanto a los riesgos de las consecuencias de corto y largo plazo que estas drogas y fármacos que alteran el estado de ánimo representan para los bebés cuando se consumen durante el embarazo y la lactancia. La doctora en farmacéutica, maestra en salud pública, farmacéutica y epidemióloga que colabora con los Centros Estadounidenses para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Jennifer N. Lind, y el médico, maestro en ciencias de la salud pública, director ejecutivo y director médico del Departamento de Salud Pública y Medio Ambiente de Colorado Larry Wolk, fueron los ponentes invitados a un almuerzo editorial patrocinado el día de hoy por The March of Dimes.  

      Casi 5% de las mujeres embarazadas dicen consumir marihuana, dijo el Dr. Wolk. 

      "No se sabe de un determinado consumo de marihuana que pueda considerarse inocuo durante el embarazo, y esta puede transmitirse de la madre al feto, y también a través de la leche materna", dijo. "Las consecuencias para la salud podrían no evidenciarse hasta que el pequeño esté en edad escolar y muestre dificultades de aprendizaje o problemas de atención".

      Tanto el Colegio Estadounidense de Obstetras y Ginecólogos como la Academia Estadounidense de Pediatría emitieron recientemente declaraciones sobre su preocupación ante el riesgo que representa el consumo de marihuana durante el embarazo y los riesgos para los bebés.

      La Dra. Lind subrayó que muchas mujeres desconocen el hecho de que consumir medicamentos opioides por prescripción como la codeína, el oxicodone, el hidrocodone o la morfina durante el embarazo puede aumentar el riesgo de ciertos defectos de nacimiento y otros problemas en la gestación (como el aborto espontáneo y el alumbramiento prematuro), además del SAN. "Si usted está embarazada o considera embarazarse no empiece ni deje de tomar medicamento sin consultar previamente a un profesional de la salud", dijo. Además, exhortó a los médicos a conversar sobre los posibles riesgos y beneficios de los opioides con las mujeres en edad fértil y las embarazadas antes de extenderles una prescripción médica.

      En noviembre de 2015 el presidente Obama proclamó como ley la Propuesta de Ley Federal para Proteger a Nuestros Niños. La legislación apoyará los esfuerzos para recopilar y compartir estrategias y buenas prácticas a fin de prevenir y tratar el uso y abuso de opioides entre las madres, y aportará recomendaciones para diagnosticar y tratar a los bebés que sufran de abstinencia. 

      The March of Dimes es la principal organización no lucrativa en favor de la salud del bebé y durante el embarazo. Durante más de 75 años las investigaciones, las campañas informativas, las vacunas y los hallazgos de The March of Dimes han beneficiado a las mamás y sus bebés se han beneficiado. Averigüe cómo ayudar a prevenir los nacimientos prematuros y los defectos de nacimiento al sumarse al evento March for Babies en marchforbabies.org. En marchofdimes.org o nacersano.org encontrará nuestros materiales y la información más reciente. Encuéntrenos en Facebook y síganos en Twitter.

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