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El debate sobre las MSC ha terminado: es hora de promover la terapia con MSC en la práctica
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News provided by

Tasly

Feb 26, 2025, 23:56 ET

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TIANJIN, China, 27 de febrero de 2025 /PRNewswire/ -- El debate sobre las MSC, células estromales mesenquimales versus células madre mesenquimales, ha continuado durante más de dos décadas (desde 2006), siendo el principal obstáculo para el estudio de las MSC y su aplicación clínica. El principal problema se centra en que las células madre mesenquimales no podrían aprobarse para su aplicación clínica sin una prueba exhaustiva de seguridad (por ejemplo, formación de tumores), pero todos los estudios preclínicos demostraron que las MSC que se preparan y utilizan actualmente son seguras sin las preocupaciones relacionadas con las células madre, de modo que son células estromales mesenquimales, no células madre. Sin embargo, ¿dónde está la aprobación?

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Una publicación reciente en HELIYON pone fin al debate. El trabajo presentado por el Centro de Investigación de Medicina Regenerativa del Hospital de China Occidental y el Laboratorio de Biología de Células Madre de Tasly, "Revelando distinciones entre células estromales mesenquimales y células madre mediante análisis transcriptómico de células individuales", rompe el ímpetu de la confusión en el desarrollo de la terapia con MSC tanto en lo fundamental como en lo práctico.

Mediante la secuenciación avanzada de ARN de células individuales (scRNA-seq) y el análisis de trayectorias pseudotemporales, el grupo de investigación identificó que las células madre exhiben capacidades robustas de autorrenovación y diferenciación, mientras que las células estromales mesenquimales (MSC) carecen de la expresión de estos genes críticos de pluripotencialidad. Estos genes incluyen SOX2, NANOG, POU5F1, SFRP2, DPPA4, SALL4, ZFP42 y MYCN. Por otro lado, hay cinco genes funcionales críticos de las células estromales, TMEM119, FBLN5, KCNK2, CLDN11 y DKK1, que solo se expresan en las células estromales mesenquimales, no en las células madre.

El estudio identificó que las células madre mesenquimales (MSC) de diferentes tejidos que se utilizan ampliamente en la actualidad son células estromales mesenquimales. Sin embargo, estas células (MSC) se han utilizado durante mucho tiempo como células madre en muchos casos. Aunque el problema de la seguridad se ignora debido a la naturaleza de las MSC, la eficacia terapéutica de estas células ha sido un gran inconveniente debido a la confusión de su mecanismo de acción. El mecanismo de acción de las células madre está mediado por su capacidad de diferenciación para reemplazar las células funcionales dañadas, pero el de las células estromales está medicado por la función de anidación y excreción que conduce al rejuvenecimiento microambiental. Por supuesto, estos dos tipos diferentes de células deben usarse de manera diferente para su función diferencial en el huésped.

Por lo tanto, este nuevo avance no solo pone fin al debate sobre las MSC, sino que también, y esto es más importante, ayuda a reorientar nuestros esfuerzos hacia la aplicación efectiva de las MSC en la práctica clínica.

Foto - https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/2626980/image.jpg

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