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      El mibrobioma del aparato reproductivo de una mujer puede predecir el nacimiento prematuro

      El Centro de Investigación sobre Alumbramientos Prematuros de March of Dimes en Stanford detecta diferencias en las primeras etapas del embarazo

      March of Dimes

      News provided by

      March of Dimes

      Aug 17, 2015, 05:29 ET

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      WHITE PLAINS, Nueva York, 17 de agosto de 2015 /PRNewswire-HISPANIC PR WIRE/ -- Los mibrobiomas del aparato reproductivo de las embarazadas que posteriormente tuvieron partos prematuros son significativamente distintos de los de las mujeres cuyos embarazos llegaron a término.

      Logo - http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20150409/197662LOGO

      El mibrobioma, comunidad de microrganismos que se encuentran sobre y dentro del cuerpo, es un nuevo campo de investigación que podría ayudar a explicar problemáticas de salud tan diversas como los alumbramientos prematuros, el asma y la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal.

      Los investigadores del Centro de Investigación sobre Alumbramientos Prematuros de March of Dimes en Stanford University tomaron muestras semanales de los microrganismos en dientes y encías, saliva, órganos reproductivos y heces de 49 embarazadas. Encontraron pocos cambios en las comunidades de bacterias de cada mujer, semana a semana, en cada lugar. Sin embargo, encontraron que las comunidades microbianas en los órganos reproductivos de las mujeres que dieron a luz antes de llegar a término eran distintas de aquellas cuyos embarazos habían llegado a término. Estas diferencias se encontraron muy tempranamente en el embarazo y mostraron una tendencia a persistir a lo largo de la gestación.

      "Estos hallazgos pueden ayudarnos a evaluar a las mujeres y detectar y predecir quiénes tienen mayor riesgo de dar a luz antes de tiempo", dijo el Dr. David Relman, profesor de microbiología, inmunología y medicina de la Facultad de Medicina de Stanford University, y principal investigador del centro de investigación en este proyecto.

      El alumbramiento prematuro es la principal causa de muerte en recién nacidos, y hay importantes diferencias entre grupos raciales y étnicos. Más de 450,000 bebés nacen prematuros en los Estaos Unidos y la tasa de alumbramientos prematuros es peor que la de la mayoría del resto de los países ricos en recursos, señala March of Dimes. En todo el mundo nacen 15 millones de bebés prematuros y más de un millón de ellos muere debido a las complicaciones de haber nacido antes de tiempo. Los bebés que sobreviven a un nacimiento prematuro enfrentan problemas serios de salud que persisten toda la vida, entre ellos problemas respiratorios, ictericia, pérdida de la vista, parálisis cerebral y retraso intelectual.

      El trabajo de investigación titulado "Variación temporal y espacial de la microbiota humana durante el embarazo" se publicó el 17 de agosto en la publicación especializada Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Además, los investigadores hallaron que los patrones de los microbiomas de las mujeres cambiaron inmediatamente después de dar a luz y en algunos casos tardaron en volver a los patrones previos al embarazo hasta un año como mínimo.

      "Esto podría explicar por qué las mujeres con embarazos menos espaciados tienen mayor riesgo de dar a luz antes de llegar a término", dijo el Dr. Relman.

      March of Dimes está recaudando $75 millones para apoyar la labor de sus cinco centros de investigación sobre alumbramientos prematuros. Estos centros transdisciplinarios son únicos y reúnen a las mentes más brillantes de las más diversas disciplinas: genetistas, biólogos moleculares, epidemiólogos, ingenieros, informáticos y otros, para trabajar juntos en la tarea de encontrar respuestas que permitan prevenir los partos prematuros. Además del centro de investigación en Stanford, California, March of Dimes fundó un centro de investigación con un grupo de universidades y hospitales en Ohio, así como los centros de University of Pennsylvania, Washington University en St. Louis y University of Chicago, Northwestern University y Duke University.

      "Nuestra red nacional de centros de investigación sobre alumbramientos prematuros es crucial para comprender las causas desconocidas de los nacimientos prematuros. Este nuevo hallazgo aporta una nueva pieza en la labor de armar el enorme rompecabezas que es el alumbramiento prematuro", dijo la Dra. Jennifer L. Howse, presidenta de March of Dimes.

      March of Dimes trabaja para mejorar la salud de los bebés mediante la prevención de los defectos de nacimiento, los nacimientos prematuros y la mortalidad infantil. March of Dimes es la organización no lucrativa líder en el fomento de la salud del recién nacido y durante el embarazo. En marchofdimes.org o nacersano.org encontrará los materiales y la información más recientes. Consulte prematurityresearch.org si desea más información sobre los centros de investigación. Encuéntrenos en Facebook y Twitter.

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