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El tratamiento prenatal con esteroides puede mejorar la supervivencia y reducir las complicaciones de los bebés extremadamente prematuros
  • USA - English


News provided by

Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Institutes of Health (NIH)

Sep 27, 2022, 10:35 ET

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BETHESDA, Maryland, 27 de septiembre de 2022 /PRNewswire-HISPANIC PR WIRE/ -- 

QUÉ: 

El tratamiento con esteroides antes del nacimiento parece mejorar la supervivencia y reducir las complicaciones de los bebés extremadamente prematuros, según indica un estudio financiado por los Institutos Nacionales de Salud. La terapia prenatal con esteroides, administrada a mujeres en riesgo de parto prematuro, hace madurar los pulmones del feto y ha demostrado mejorar la tasa de supervivencia y reducir las complicaciones de los bebés nacidos entre las 24 y 34 semanas de embarazo. Sin embargo, los estudios anteriores del tratamiento en bebés nacidos entre la semana 22 y 23 —aquellos con mayor riesgo de muerte o discapacidad— no fueron concluyentes.

El estudio fue realizado por Sanjay Chawla, M.D., en la Universidad Central Michigan, Mount Pleasant, y la Universidad Estatal de Wayne, Detroit, junto con colegas de 17 instituciones de investigación de los Estados Unidos. Está publicado en JAMA Network Open. El financiamiento fue aportado por el Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano Eunice Kennedy Shriver (NICHD) de los NIH y el National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences.

De las madres de los 431 bebés que participaron en el estudio, 110 no recibieron el esteroide betametasona, 80 recibieron tratamiento parcial (una dosis) y 241 recibieron el tratamiento completo (dos dosis con un intervalo de 24 horas entre ellas).

De los bebés expuestos a un tratamiento completo, el 53.9 % sobrevivió hasta el alta hospitalaria, en comparación con el 37.5 % que recibió el tratamiento parcial y el 35.5 % que no recibió tratamiento. En comparación con los bebés que no recibieron tratamiento, los que estuvieron expuestos al tratamiento completo presentaron 1.95 veces más probabilidades de sobrevivir y 2.74 veces más probabilidades de sobrevivir sin complicaciones importantes, como sangrado grave en el cerebro, enfermedad pulmonar grave (displasia broncopulmonar), quistes en el cerebro, inflamación grave del intestino (enterocolitis necrotizante) o crecimiento anormal de los vasos sanguíneos en la retina (retinopatía del prematuro con necesidad de tratamiento).

Los autores del estudio concluyeron que sus resultados proporcionan sólidas evidencias en apoyo a la administración de tratamientos con esteroides prenatales a las embarazadas en riesgo de parto a las 22 semanas.

QUIÉN: 

Michele Walsh, M.D., neonatóloga de la División de Embarazo y Perinatología del NICHD y científica del proyecto de la Red de Investigación Neonatal del NICHD, está disponible para comentarios.

ARTÍCULO: 

Chawla, S. Association of antenatal steroid exposure at 21 to 22 weeks of gestation with neonatal survival and survival without morbidities. ("Asociación de la exposición prenatal a esteroides entre las 21 y 22 semanas de gestación con la supervivencia neonatal y la supervivencia sin morbilidades"). JAMA Network Open. 2022. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.33331

Acerca del Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano Eunice Kennedy Shriver (NICHD): El NICHD lidera la investigación y la capacitación para comprender el desarrollo humano, mejorar la salud reproductiva, mejorar la vida de niños y adolescentes, y optimizar las habilidades para todos. Para obtener más información, visite https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov.

Acerca de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud (NIH): NIH, la agencia de investigación médica de los EE. UU., incluye 27 institutos y centros, y es un componente del Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU. NIH es la principal agencia federal que realiza y apoya investigaciones médicas básicas, clínicas y traslacionales, y que investiga las causas, los tratamientos y las curas para enfermedades comunes y raras. Para obtener más información acerca de los NIH y sus programas, visite https://salud.nih.gov.

FUENTE Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Institutes of Health (NIH)

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