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El uso a largo plazo de aspirina reduce la incidencia de cánceres del aparato digestivo en hasta un 47%
  • Brazil - Português


News provided by

United European Gastroenterology (UEG)

Oct 30, 2017, 19:01 ET

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BARCELONA, 30 de octubre de 2017 /PRNewswire/ -- El uso a largo plazo de la aspirina ha demostrado reducir significativamente la incidencia de cánceres del sistema digestivo, según una nueva investigación presentada hoy en la 25ª edición de la conferencia UEG Week.1

En un estudio que involucró a más de 600.000 personas, los investigadores compararon pacientes a los que se les recetó aspirina durante un período prolongado (durante al menos seis meses; la duración media de la aspirina recetada fue de 7,7 años) con usuarios que no usaban aspirina y evaluaron la incidencia de varios cánceres. Aquellos que se les recetó aspirina mostraron una reducción del 47% en la incidencia de cáncer hepático y esofágico, una reducción del 38% en la incidencia de cáncer gástrico, una reducción del 34% en la incidencia de cáncer de páncreas y una reducción del 24% en la incidencia de cáncer colorrectal.

Los cánceres del aparato digestivo representan casi una cuarta parte de los casos de cáncer en Europa.2 El cáncer colorrectal, gástrico y pancreático se encuentran entre las cinco principales causas de muerte por cáncer en todo el continente, y los cánceres del sistema digestivo representan el 30,1% de todas las muertes por cáncer.

La aspirina se usa en todo el mundo para tratar una serie de condiciones de salud, desde alivio del dolor a corto plazo hasta recetas para uso a largo plazo. Aunque el uso de la aspirina está sujeto a un continuo debate dentro de la comunidad médica, un estudio reciente encontró que los pacientes que dejaron de tomar aspirina tenían una probabilidad del 37% mayor de tener un evento cardiovascular adverso, como un ataque cardíaco o embolia, que aquellos que continuaron con su receta.3

Sitio del cáncer

Reducción en la incidencia de cáncer por el usuario de aspirina (en comparación con el no usuario)

Hígado

47%

Esofágico

47%

Gástrico

38%

Pancreático

34%

Colorrectal

24%

Tabla 1 – Reducción en la incidencia de cáncer del aparato digestivo

El efecto del uso a largo plazo de la aspirina sobre la incidencia del cáncer también se examinó para detectar cánceres fuera del sistema digestivo. Aquí, se observó una reducción significativa para algunos cánceres (leucemia, pulmón y próstata), pero no todos (cáncer de mama, vejiga, riñón y mieloma múltiple).

El investigador principal, el profesor Kelvin Tsoi de la Chinese University of Hong Kong, presentó el estudio hoy en la 25ª edición de la UEG Week en Barcelona. "Los hallazgos demuestran que el uso a largo plazo de la aspirina puede reducir el riesgo de desarrollar muchos cánceres importantes", comentó el profesor Tsoi. "Lo que se debe notar es la importancia de los resultados para los cánceres del tracto digestivo, donde las reducciones en la incidencia de cáncer fueron todas muy significativas, especialmente para el cáncer de hígado y esófago".

Notas del editor

1.     Tsoi, K. et al. Long-term use of aspirin is more effective to reduce the incidences of gastrointestinal cancers than non-gastrointestinal cancers: A 10-year population based study in Hong Kong. Presented at UEG Week Barcelona 2017. (El uso a largo plazo de la aspirina es más eficaz para reducir la incidencia de cánceres gastrointestinales que los cánceres no gastrointestinales: un estudio de 10 años basado en la población de Hong Kong. Presentado en UEG Week Barcelona 2017.)

2.     GLOBOCAN, IARC (2012). Section of Cancer Surveillance. (Sección de Vigilancia del Cáncer.)

3.     Stopping aspirin treatment raises cardiovascular risk by over a third (2017). (Suspender el tratamiento con aspirina aumenta el riesgo cardiovascular en más de un tercio (2017). Disponible en: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319541.php 

FUENTE United European Gastroenterology (UEG)

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