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Erste komplette Struktur eines GPCR der Klasse B offenbart bislang unbekannte Mechanismen der Rezeptoraktivierung
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News provided by

Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Jun 15, 2017, 10:47 ET

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-  Struktur eines humanen Glucagonrezeptors entfacht neues Interesse für GPCR-Forschung

SHANGHAI, 15. Juni 2017 /PRNewswire/ -- Wissenschaftler vom Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM) der Chinese Academy of Sciences entschlüsselten unter hoher Auflösung die komplette atomare Struktur eines G-Protein-gekoppelten Rezeptors (GPCR) der Klasse B, der eine Schlüsselfunktion bei der Glukosehomöostase einnimmt. In einem Online-Artikel der Fachzeitschrift Nature vom 17. Mai 2017 mit dem Titel „Structure of the full-length glucagon class B G-protein-coupled receptor" haben Wissenschaftler am SIMM in Zusammenarbeit mit mehreren Gruppen aus China, den USA, den Niederlanden und Dänemark ein detailliertes Bild der Molekularstruktur des humanen Glucagonrezeptors (GCGR) in Komplex mit einem negativen allosterischen Modulator und dem antigen-bindenden Fragment eines inhibitorischen Antikörpers gezeichnet. Diese Studie wurde in der Nature mit einem Begleitdokument veröffentlicht, das von Kollegen am iHuman Institute der ShanghaiTech University zum Thema des glucagon-ähnlichen Peptide-1-Rezeptors (GLP-1R) verfasst wurde.

Structures of full-length GCGR in complex with an antibody mAb1 and a negative allosteric modulator NNC0640 (right) and calcitonin receptor bound to G protein (left) highlight the recent breakthroughs in class B GPCR research. (Image courtesy of Yekaterina Kadyshevskaya of the Bridge Institute at the University of Southern California)
Structures of full-length GCGR in complex with an antibody mAb1 and a negative allosteric modulator NNC0640 (right) and calcitonin receptor bound to G protein (left) highlight the recent breakthroughs in class B GPCR research. (Image courtesy of Yekaterina Kadyshevskaya of the Bridge Institute at the University of Southern California)

GPCRs der Klasse B sind essentielle Rezeptoren für zahlreiche physiologische Prozesse und dienen als wichtige Targetproteine bei vielen Humankrankheiten, so z. B. Diabetes Typ 2, dem metabolischen Syndrom, Osteoporose, Migräne, Depression und Ängste. Teamleiter und SIMM-Professor Dr. Beili Wu erklärt es mit den Worten: „Diese GCGR-Struktur zeichnet ein klares, hoch aufgelöstes Bild von einem GPCR der Klasse B und lässt uns besser verstehen, wie unterschiedliche Domänen zusammenarbeiten, um die Rezeptorfunktion auf der Molekularebene zu regulieren."

Die interessanteste Erkenntnis dieser Studie betrifft die Funktionsweise: Der Bereich, in dem die ECD und TMD des Rezeptors miteinander verbunden werden, arbeitet mit einer extrazellulären Schleife der TMD zusammen, um die Peptidbindung über die Konformationsänderung zu regulieren, so dass sie als Regulator bei der Rezeptoraktivierung wirkt.

Die Forscher führten eine Reihe funktioneller Studien durch, um die ermittelte Struktur des GCGRs und die Interaktionen zwischen verschiedenen Domänen zum Zweck der Funktionsregulierung zu bestätigen. „Diese Studie wurde in einem Team an Experten durchgeführt, die verschiedene Spezialgebiete hatten und aus unterschiedlichen Nationen kamen. Die internationale Zusammenarbeit ist von höchster Bedeutung, wenn wir die großen Fragen der Wissenschaft der heutigen Zeit beantworten möchten", erklärt Dr. Hualiang Jiang, Institutsleiter am SIMM.

„Die komplette Struktur des GCGR erweitert nicht nur unser Wissen über die Mechanismen der Signalübertragung von GPCR, sondern bietet neue Möglichkeiten für die Herstellung von Arzneimitteln, die über GPCRs der Klasse B wirken", bekräftigt Dr. Ming-Wei Wang, Direktor des National Center for Drug Screening.

Die Studie wurde von National Basic Research Programs, der National Health & Family Planning Commission, der National Natural Science Foundation, der Chinese Academy of Sciences und dem GPCR Consortium gefördert.

Foto: http://mma.prnewswire.com/media/512896/Shanghai_Institute_of_Materia_Medica_Chinese_Academy_of_Sciences.jpg

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