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ESOC 2024: ingresos más altos reduce el riesgo de mortalidad por accidente cerebrovascular en un tercio
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ESOC 2024

May 14, 2024, 18:01 ET

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ESOC 2024: ingresos más altos reduce el riesgo de mortalidad por accidente cerebrovascular en un tercio, según muestra un nuevo estudio

BASILEA, Suiza, 14 de mayo de 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- Una nueva investigación, presentada hoy en la décima Conferencia Europea de la Organización de Accidentes Cerebrovasculares (ESOC) 2024, ha revelado que las personas con ingresos altos tienen un riesgo un 32 % menor de mortalidad posterior a un accidente cerebrovascular. Además, las personas con educación superior tienen un 26 % menos de riesgo de muerte después de un accidente cerebrovascular, lo que pone de relieve sorprendentes disparidades en la supervivencia al accidente cerebrovascular basadas en determinantes sociales clave de la salud (SDoH, por sus siglas en inglés).

El estudio analizó datos de 6.901 pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular en Gotemburgo, Suecia, entre noviembre de 2014 y diciembre de 2019 para examinar el impacto de los factores SDoH en el riesgo de mortalidad posterior al accidente cerebrovascular. El estudio se centró en cuatro factores: zona de residencia, país de nacimiento, educación e ingresos.

Además de identificar una conexión significativa entre los ingresos, el nivel educativo y el riesgo de mortalidad posterior a un accidente cerebrovascular, el estudio descubrió una tendencia preocupante con respecto al impacto acumulativo de los factores SDoH. Los pacientes con un factor desfavorable se enfrentaron a un riesgo de mortalidad un 18% mayor en comparación con los pacientes sin ningún factor desfavorable. Este riesgo aumentó al 24% para los pacientes con dos a cuatro factores desfavorables.

La autora principal, la profesora Katharina Stibrant Sunnerhagen, de la Universidad de Gotemburgo, Neurociencia Clínica, Gotemburgo, Suecia, comentó: "Nuestros hallazgos subrayan una cruda realidad: el estatus socioeconómico de un individuo puede ser una cuestión de vida o muerte en el contexto de un accidente cerebrovascular, especialmente cuando se enfrenta a múltiples factores SDoH desfavorables".

El estudio también encontró un vínculo entre un mayor riesgo de mortalidad y factores de riesgo adicionales como la inactividad física, la diabetes, el abuso de alcohol y la fibrilación auricular.

En particular, surgieron ideas sobre las disparidades de género y el impacto potencial de los factores de riesgo al examinar las características de los pacientes dentro de la cohorte del estudio. La proporción de pacientes femeninas aumentó con el número de factores SDoH desfavorables; el 41% del grupo sin factores desfavorables eran mujeres en comparación con el 59% del grupo con dos a cuatro factores desfavorables. Además, el tabaquismo, ya sea actual o en el último año, fue más frecuente en el grupo con dos a cuatro factores desfavorables en comparación con aquellos sin ninguno (19% versus 12%).

Al comentar sobre las acciones necesarias para reducir la carga de accidentes cerebrovasculares, la profesora Stibrant Sunnerhagen explicó: "A la luz de los hallazgos de nuestro estudio, las intervenciones específicas son esenciales. Los formuladores de políticas deben adaptar la legislación y los enfoques para tener en cuenta las circunstancias específicas de las diversas comunidades, mientras que los médicos deben considerar identificar pacientes con factores SDoH desfavorables para prevenir la mortalidad post-ictus."

"Al abordar estas disparidades, tenemos el potencial de mejorar significativamente los resultados de salud pública".

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