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      Esperti riuniti ad Harvard propongono un elenco dei 'più difficili problemi insoluti' del prossimo secolo nelle scienze sociali


      News provided by

      Harvard University

      Apr 23, 2010, 03:00 ET

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      CAMBRIDGE, Massachusetts, April 23, 2010 /PRNewswire/ --

      - Nei prossimi 45 giorni il mondo intero è invitato a indicare quali sono i problemi più urgenti e suggerirne altri; l'esito delle votazioni sarà annunciato in giugno

      Sono stati annunciati oggi i primi risultati di un'iniziativa della divisione di scienze sociali dell'università di Harvard finalizzata ad identificare i problemi insoluti più difficili per quanto riguarda economia, psicologia, governo, sociologia e altre scienze sociali.

      "Le scienze sociali non sono mai state vitali come oggi, e risolvere le questioni irrisolte da esse sollevate non è mai stato così importante," ha affermato Stephen Kosslyn, preside della facoltà di scienze sociali presso l'università di Harvard.

      Durante un simposio di un giorno trasmesso in diretta, 12 insigni esperti di diverse università hanno proposto più di 30 importanti questioni delle quali le scienze sociali sono chiamate ad occuparsi negli anni a vanire. Eccone alcune:

          
          - In che modo le relazioni sociali influenzano i nostri geni, e
            in che modo i nostri geni influenzano le nostre relazioni?
          - In che modo le società creano, o ricreano, istituzioni efficaci
            e robuste?
          - Perché le donne guadagnano, in media, meno degli uomini di
            eguale esperienza impegnati in lavori simili, e come si può
            fare a ridurre questo divario?
          - In che modo si possono costruire sistemi impervi alle crisi
            finanziarie?
          - In che modo si può ridurre il divario di competenze all'ottavo
            anno del percorso scolastico tra diversi gruppi etnici?
          - Il libero commercio riduce effettivamente il rischio di crisi
            irreversibile di uno stato?
          - In che modo gli elementi semplici si combinano tra loro dando
            vita a sistemi complessi (ad esempio, sistemi economici)?
          - Quali sono le origini delle preferenze e dei gusti personali?
          - Come si possono indurre le persone ad adottare comportamenti
            dai comprovati benefici per la salute?
          - In che modo la sempre maggior mole d'informazioni che vengono
            registrate e memorizzate inciderà sullo sviluppo di culture e
            istituzioni?
      

      Tra gli esperti convocati dall'università figurano Nick Bostrom (Oxford), Susan Carey (Harvard), Nicholas Christakis (Harvard), James Fowler (UCSD), Roland Fryer (Harvard), Claudia Goldin (Harvard), Gary King (Harvard), Emily Oster (Chicago), Ann Swidler (Berkeley), Nassim Taleb (NYU/Polytech) e Richard Zeckhauser (Harvard).

      Tutte le proposte, i forum di discussione e i video del simposio sono disponibili presso http://socialscience.fas.harvard.edu/hardproblems.

      La seconda e critica fase inizia oggi. Per i prossimi 45 giorni chiunque lo desideri potrà proporre ulteriori problemi da pubblicare sul sito ed esprimersi sull'importanza e sulla difficoltà di ciascuna proposta. In giugno, Harvard annuncerà i problemi che hanno ricevuto il maggior numero di voti.

      Questa iniziativa, lanciata e finanziata dalla fondazione non a fini di lucro Indira, deve la sua ispirazione a David Hilbert, che sfidò il mondo a risolvere i 23 problemi fondamentali della matematica nell'anno 1900. Da allora i matematici hanno risolto 10 degli ormai famosi 'Problemi di Hilbert', creando al contempo nuovi campi dello scibile.

      "Hilbert fece due importantissime osservazioni," ha spiegato Nicholas Nash, membro dell'Indira Foundation. "Per prima cosa, l'avere problemi importanti e non risolti è essenziale per la vitalità di una disciplina. Cosa altrettanto importante, identificando questi problemi possiamo spronare le generazioni future a risolverli."

      Cenni sull'Indira Foundation

      L'Indira Foundation è un'organizzazione benefica con sede nel Connecticut impegnata a sostenere programmi in grado di fare la differenza nei campi dell'istruzione, della sanità e dell'assistenza sociale.

      Contatto per gli organi di stampa: Steve Bradt (+1-617-496-8070, sbradt@fas.harvard.edu)

      Facebook: Hard Problems in Social Sciences

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