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ETCO: 57% dos cigarros vendidos no Brasil são ilegais


News provided by

ETCO

Aug 02, 2019, 09:16 ET

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SÃO PAULO, 2 de agosto de 2019 /PRNewswire/ -- Pesquisa realizada pelo Ibope aponta crescimento no mercado ilegal de cigarros pelo sexto ano consecutivo: 57% de todos os cigarros consumidos no país em 2019 foram ilegais, sendo que 49% foram contrabandeados (principalmente do Paraguai) e 8% foram produzidos por fabricantes nacionais que operam de forma irregular. Com isso, 63,3 bilhões de cigarros ilegais inundaram as cidades brasileiras. O número deste ano representa um crescimento de 3 pontos percentuais em relação à pesquisa de 2018.

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ETCO (PRNewsfoto/ETCO)
ETCO (PRNewsfoto/ETCO)
ETCO (PRNewsfoto/ETCO)
ETCO (PRNewsfoto/ETCO)
ETCO (PRNewsfoto/ETCO)
ETCO (PRNewsfoto/ETCO)

Com isso, pela segunda vez desde o início da pesquisa, a arrecadação de impostos do setor será inferior à sonegação causada pela ilegalidade: R$ 12,2 bilhões contra R$ 12,6 bilhões. Esse valor, se revertido em benefícios para a população, poderia ser usado para a construção de 132 mil casas populares, 25 mil Unidades Básicas de Saúde ou 6,3 mil creches.

Para o presidente do Instituto Brasileiro de Ética Concorrencial (ETCO), Edson Vismona, o dado do Ibope é extremamente grave, e mostra que as políticas de combate ao tabagismo estão sob ataque direto do crime organizado. "Dos quase 111 bilhões de cigarros vendidos anualmente no Brasil, apenas 47 bilhões se submetem às normas fitossanitárias e a toda a regulamentação seguida pela indústria legal. Ou seja, a imensa maioria dos fumantes brasileiros não está mais sendo influenciada pelos esforços oficiais de redução do tabagismo", afirma.

Vismona ressalta também que a escalada da ilegalidade no setor tem alimentado os cofres de organizações criminosas em todo o país, financiando o aumento da violência nas cidades de todo o país. "Em anos recentes, as autoridades têm realizado um esforço importante tanto para tentar coibir a entrada desses cigarros no país, quando de reprimir sua comercialização. Esse trabalho tem de continuar, mas ele não é suficiente, pois esbarra em questões como a extensão das fronteiras que o Brasil tem com 10 países e as limitações nas estruturas de repressão e fiscalização".

Das 10 marcas de cigarro mais vendidas no país, quatro são contrabandeadas. Na liderança do ranking está a paraguaia Eight, que domina 16% de todas as vendas de cigarros. A soma do percentual de participação de mercado das 4 marcas paraguaias mais vendidas no Brasil é o mesmo das seis marcas brasileiras legais mais vendidas (34%).

Para ele, a revisão no sistema tributário do setor é fundamental para reduzir a principal vantagem dos contrabandistas nessa guerra: a enorme diferença de preços entre os cigarros legais e aqueles contrabandeados do Paraguai. No Brasil, os impostos sobre os cigarros variam de 70% a 90%, dependendo do estado. Já no país vizinho, o produto é taxado em apenas 18%. Com isso, enquanto a média de preço dos cigarros fabricados legalmente por aqui é de R$ 7,51, o cigarro ilegal é comercializado por apenas R$ 3,44, valor 55% inferior ao do produto legal.

"Outro problema do atual sistema tributário é que ele penaliza os consumidores das classes C, D e E pois hoje o imposto que incide sobre produtos premium é exatamente o mesmo dos produtos populares" afirma o presidente do ETCO.

A pesquisa do Ibope é realizada desde 2014, quando o mercado ilegal no país somava 40% de todos os cigarros comercializados. Tem abrangência nacional e, em 2019, foi a campo entre janeiro e abril. Foram realizadas entrevistas presenciais com 8.428 fumantes com idades de 18 a 64 anos, residentes em municípios com 20 mil habitantes ou mais. O segmento pesquisado representa 76% da população brasileira de 18 a 64 anos.

"A amostra utilizada pela pesquisa é bastante robusta, garantindo representatividade nacional em municípios de diferentes tamanhos de população e diferentes perfis sociodemográficos, permitindo análises segmentadas dos resultados", explica Márcia Cavallari, CEO do Ibope Inteligência. "São realizadas entrevistas presenciais com fumantes e recolhimento das embalagens. Apenas para efeito de comparação, a amostra utilizada para estimar o mercado ilícito de cigarros é 2,8 vezes maior do que as amostras das pesquisas eleitoras que realizamos", completa.

Telefone: +55 11 3165-9575

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