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ETCO: Mercado ilegal de cigarros chega a 54% e bate recorde no Brasil


News provided by

ETCO

Oct 29, 2018, 08:45 ET

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SÃO PAULO, 29 de outubro de 2018 /PRNewswire/ -- Uma pesquisa realizada pelo Ibope mostra que o mercado ilegal de cigarros atingiu um patamar inédito no Brasil. Em 2018, 54% de todos os cigarros vendidos no país são ilegais, um crescimento de seis pontos percentuais em relação ao ano anterior. Desse total, 50% foram contrabandeados do Paraguai e 5% foram produzidos por empresas que operam irregularmente no país.

O principal estímulo a esse crescimento é a enorme diferença tributária entre os dois países. O Brasil cobra em média 71% de impostos sobre o cigarro, chegando a até 90% em alguns estados, enquanto que no Paraguai as taxas são de apenas 18%, a mais baixa da América Latina. Com isso, em 2018 a diferença do valor cobrado entre os cigarros brasileiros e paraguaios chegou a 128%.

Com isso, o mercado nacional foi inundado com mais de 57 bilhões de cigarros ilegais, enquanto que o consumo de produtos brasileiros caiu para 48 bilhões de unidades. Ao somar o universo de cigarros ilegais e legais, é possível ver um aumento no consumo no país: em 2017 foram consumidos 102,7 bilhões de unidades (49,2 ilegais e 53,5 legais), número que foi para 106,2 bilhões em 2018 (57,5 ilegais e 48,7 legais).

Para Edson Vismona, presidente do Instituto Brasileiro de Ética Concorrencial (ETCO), um fator perverso decorrente do aumento no contrabando de cigarros é que os brasileiros migram do mercado legal para o ilegal para poder economizar dinheiro e ao mesmo tempo aumentam o consumo. "O levantamento apontou que, mesmo gastando menos, já que os cigarros contrabandeados não seguem a política de preço mínimo estabelecida em lei, os consumidores acabam fumando, em média, dois cigarros a mais por dia. Isso mostra que as políticas de redução de consumo adotadas pelo governo não estão sendo eficazes, por conta do crescimento do mercado ilegal" afirma Vismona.

Outro efeito negativo é o avanço na evasão fiscal. Em 2018, o Brasil irá deixar de arrecadar R$ 11,5 bilhões em impostos. Esse valor é 1,6 vezes superior ao orçamento da Polícia Federal para o ano e poderia ser revertido para a construção de 121 mil casas populares ou 6 mil creches. Pela primeira vez desde 2011, a evasão de impostos será maior do que a arrecadação, que deve fechar o ano em R$ 11,4 bilhões.

Dominado por quadrilhas de criminosos como o Primeiro Comendo da Capital (PCC), o contrabando de cigarros é fonte de financiamento para outros crimes como o tráfico de drogas, armas e munições. Em 2018, as duas marcas mais vendidas no país são contrabandeadas do Paraguai: Eight, campeã de vendas com 15% de participação de mercado, e Gift, com 12%. Outras duas marcas fabricadas no país vizinho compões a lista dos 10 cigarros mais vendidos: Classic e San Marino (ambas com 3% de mercado).

Essas marcas são produzidas no Paraguai, mas têm como alvo principal o mercado brasileiro, pois não são vendidas em seu país de origem, o que mostra a profissionalização das quadrilhas que controlam esse comércio. Para se ter uma ideia do problema, recentemente foi registrada a venda de maços de cigarros da marca Eight com 10 unidades. No Brasil, os maços devem ter 20 unidades. A introdução desses maços, que custam em média apenas R$ 1,50 reais, tem como objetivo oferecer uma opção ainda mais barata para os consumidores.

Vismona acredita que o governo paraguaio tem dado demonstrações de que pretende começar a agira para reduzir o problema. "O país participou recentemente da Reunião das Partes do Protocolo para Eliminar o Mercado Ilegal de Produtos de Tabaco (MOP-1), movimento que mostra o comprometimento do novo governo com o combate ao contrabando de cigarros. O Paraguai também demonstrou interesse em sediar o evento em 2020, algo muito positivo" acredita Vismona, que também destacou a possibilidade de que um projeto de Lei apresentado na Câmara do Deputados que prevê o aumento nos impostos sobre o cigarro para 40% seja aprovado em breve.

Ele reforça, porém, a importância de que o governo brasileiro continue intensificando a fiscalização e o combate ao contrabando de cigarros, ao mesmo tempo que estuda outras medidas que possam contribuir para a redução deste crime no Brasil.

A pesquisa do Ibope foi realizada em 208 municípios de todo o país, por meio de entrevistas presenciais e com recolhimento dos maços de forma a garantir a precisão da informação. Foram ouvidos 8.266 consumidores entre 18 e 64 anos.

Flávio Simonetti
(11) 3165-9575

FONTE ETCO

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