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Expert z univerzity XJTLU: Co jsme se naučili z čínského boje proti chudobě?
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Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University

Mar 01, 2021, 07:29 ET

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SU-ČOU, Čína, 1. března 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- V roce 2016 se Čína oficiálně zavázala, že do konce roku 2020 vymýtí absolutní chudobu ze zbývajících 832 nejchudších okresů. A tento cíl se loni v listopadu podařilo splnit. Minulý čtvrtek čínský prezident Si Ťin-pching na slavnostním setkání v Pekingu oznámil „úplné vítězství" a ocenil všechny, kteří se na tomto projektu podíleli.

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Dr Alessandra Cappelletti (left), of Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, was a researcher for the Poverty Alleviation Programme Xinjiang in 2011/2012.
Dr Alessandra Cappelletti (left), of Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, was a researcher for the Poverty Alleviation Programme Xinjiang in 2011/2012.

Dr Alessandra Cappelletti, docentka na Ústavu zahraničních studií na univerzitě XJTLU (Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University) říká, že důvodů, proč byl tento projekt tak úspěšný, je několik a domnívá se, že pro ostatní země z tohoto úspěchu vyplývají následující poučení.

Poučení 1: Stanovit si priority

Jedním z klíčů k úspěchu čínského plánu byla silná politická vůle, říká Dr. Cappelletti.

„Co se týče byrokracie, tak vláda doslova mobilizovala celou mašinérii," říká Dr. Cappelletti.

Věci postupovaly rychle dopředu v souladu se stanovenými termíny, ale na začátku loňského roku, způsobila pandemie COVID-19 zpomalení růstu světové ekonomiky.

A doktorka Cappelletti říká, že namísto toho, aby ústřední vláda program pozastavila, rychle vydala pokyny, které místním úředníkům přikázaly, aby se drželi stanovených cílů. „Pokud se ústřední vláda dohodne na nějakých úkolech, musí být jejich splnění jasnou prioritou."

Poučení 2: Přemýšlet dopředu

Jakmile se v nějakém okrese podaří vymýtit absolutní chudobu, mohli by si místní úředníci sednout a blahopřát si k dobře vykonané práci. Doktorka Cappelletti nicméně říká: „Čínští politici si myslí, že řešení jednoho problému přináší nutnost řešit 10 dalších problémů."

Jedním z těchto nových problémů je udržování bohatství.

„Jednou ze strategií je pomáhat farmářům založit a rozvíjet své podnikání. Ve vesnici S'-čchuan pomohla Čínská zemědělská univerzita (China Agricultural University) v Pekingu farmářům opravit své domy a pronajímat jejich části turistům," říká paní doktorka.

Poučení 3: Soustředit se na sebe

Doktorka Cappelletti vysvětluje, že v posledních letech dochází ke změně hospodářské politiky Číny: „V posledních letech vidíme posun čínské ekonomiky od levné pracovní síly a výroby elektřiny převážně z uhlí k modelu inovativního, na technologii založeného hospodářství." Země se také prioritně zaměřuje na posilování domácího trhu a na snižování závislosti na vývozu.

Paní doktorka vysvětluje, že zvýšení investic do vzdělávání a zdravotní péče představuje nepřímý způsob podpory místní ekonomiky, protože pokud budou tyto služby pro místní obyvatele levněji a snáze dostupné, zůstane jim více finančních prostředků na uspokojování ostatních potřeb.

„I nadále před námi stojí nějaké problémy. Ale i tak jsme velmi optimističtí," říká paní doktorka.

Foto - https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/1445959/Alessandra_Poverty_Alleviation.jpg

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