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      Expert z univerzity XJTLU: Čo sme sa naučili z čínskeho boja proti chudobe?


      News provided by

      Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University

      Mar 02, 2021, 10:21 ET

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      SU-ŠOU, Čína, 2. marca 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- V roku 2016 sa Čína oficiálne zaviazala, že do konca roka 2020 potlačení absolútnu chudobu v zostávajúcich 832 najchudobnejších okresoch. A tento cieľ sa vlani v novembri podarilo splniť. Minulý štvrtok čínsky prezident Si Ťin-pching na slávnostnom stretnutí v Pekingu oznámil "úplné víťazstvo" a ocenil všetkých, ktorí sa na tomto projekte podieľali.

      Continue Reading
      Dr Alessandra Cappelletti (left), of Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, was a researcher for the Poverty Alleviation Programme Xinjiang in 2011/2012.
      Dr Alessandra Cappelletti (left), of Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, was a researcher for the Poverty Alleviation Programme Xinjiang in 2011/2012.

      Dr Alessandra Cappelletti, docentka na Ústave zahraničných štúdií na univerzite XJTLU (Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University) hovorí, že dôvodov, prečo bol tento projekt tak úspešný, je niekoľko a domnieva sa, že pre ostatné krajiny z tohto úspechu vyplývajú nasledujúce poučenia.

      Lekcia 1: Stanoviť si priority 

      Jedným z kľúčov k úspechu čínskeho plánu bola silná politická vôľa, hovorí Dr. Cappelletti.

      "Čo sa týka byrokracie, tak vláda doslova mobilizovala celú mašinériu," hovorí Dr. Cappelletti.

      Veci postupovali rýchlo dopredu v súlade so stanovenými termínmi, ale na začiatku minulého roka, spôsobila pandémia COVID-19 spomalenie rastu svetovej ekonomiky.

      A doktorka Cappelletti hovorí, že namiesto toho, aby centrálna vláda program pozastavila, rýchlo vydala usmernenia, ktoré miestnym úradníkom prikázali, aby sa držali stanovených cieľov. „Ak sa ústredná vláda dohodne na nejakých úlohách, musí byť ich splnenie jasnou prioritou."

      Lekcia 2: Myslite dopredu 

      Akonáhle sa v nejakom okrese podarí odstrániť absolútnu chudobu, mohli by si miestni úradníci sadnúť a blahoželať si k dobre vykonanej práci. Doktorka Cappelletti však hovorí: „Čínski politici si myslia, že riešenie jedného problému prináša nutnosť riešiť 10 ďalších problémov."

      Jedným z týchto nových problémov je udržiavanie bohatstva.

      „Jednou zo stratégií je pomáhať farmárom založiť a rozvíjať svoje podnikanie. V dedine S'-čchuan pomohla Čínska poľnohospodárska univerzita v Pekingu (China Agricultural University) farmárom opraviť svoje domy a prenajímať ich časti turistom," hovorí pani doktorka.

      Lekcia 3: Sústrediť sa na seba 

      Doktorka Cappelletti vysvetľuje, že v posledných rokoch dochádza k zmene hospodárskej politiky Číny: „V posledných rokoch vidíme posun čínskej ekonomiky od lacnej pracovnej sily a výroby elektriny prevažne z uhlia k modelu inovatívneho, na technológii založeného hospodárstva." Krajina sa tiež prioritne zameriava na posilňovanie domáceho trhu a na znižovanie závislosti od vývozu.

      Pani doktorka vysvetľuje, že zvýšenie investícií do vzdelávania a zdravotnej starostlivosti predstavuje nepriamy spôsob podpory miestnej ekonomiky, pretože ak budú tieto služby pre miestnych obyvateľov lacnejšie a prístupnejšie, zostane im viac finančných prostriedkov na uspokojovanie ostatných potrieb.

      „Aj naďalej pred nami stoja nejaké problémy. Ale aj tak sme veľmi optimistickí," hovorí pani doktorka.

      Foto - https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/1445959/Alessandra_Poverty_Alleviation.jpg

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