First Long-Term Study on Calorie Labeling Shows Strategy Effective in Reducing Weight Gain by 50%

BOSTON, Nov. 5, 2014 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- The first long-term study on the impact of calorie labeling on body weight shows that when used in universities, calorie labeling can reduce weight gain in students by nearly eight pounds (3.5 kg). Recent guidance from the United States' Affordable Care Act and the United Kingdom's Responsibility Deal encourage calorie labeling in chain restaurants, yet there have been mixed results as to the effects of calorie labeling on consumers' meal choices and weight status. This new research shows that consistent exposure to prominent calorie labeling of main meals reduced the likelihood of young adults gaining any weight over a one-year period by 50%. The findings from this UK-based study will be presented during the Obesity Journal Symposium on Monday, Nov. 4 at The Obesity Society Annual Meeting at ObesityWeek 2014 in Boston, Mass.

"Calorie labeling helps people understand what's in their food, and makes them aware of healthier options," says lead researcher Charoula Konstantia Nikolaou, BSc, MSc, RD, member of The Obesity Society (TOS) and PhD student at the University of Glasgow, Scotland. "Previous literature has shown little or no benefit from calorie labeling, however that research did not look at long-term exposure, and in those studies most consumers did not notice the calorie labels. We were glad to see that exposure to our very prominent calorie labeling for an entire school year did not just reduce weight gain in these students, but eliminated it altogether for the group. This is especially important because young adults are vulnerable to weight gain, which often leads to obesity later in life."

Nikolaou conducted her study by examining food choices and weights of university students from two 36-week academic years. In one year, the college dining room displayed caloric information for main meals for a pilot period 5 out of 36 weeks, and in a second year, caloric information was displayed on large colorful cards for all main meals for 30 out of the 36 weeks.

As expected, during the first year, students gained an average of 7.7 pounds (3.5 kg). In the second year, students maintained their average initial weight, unchanged. Most students surveyed in year two reported using the calorie labeling for weight control and healthier eating, and overall they ordered meals with 18% fewer calories than in year one. These meals had less fat, saturated fat and frying oils than meals ordered in year one, and there was no decline in micronutrient consumptions in year two.  

Nikolaou's PhD research was supervised by Dr. Catherine Dankey and Professor Mike Lean, who explain that this tactic represents a very low-cost, transferable intervention that proved effective.

"The caterers were impressed with the effectiveness of tactic as well, because their spending on food ingredients was lowered by 33% during the year with calorie labeling," said Professor Mike Lean.

This lower cost of ingredients offsets what caterers and food companies often argue, that healthier ingredients are more costly.  

"Although the policy is encouraged in the U.S. and U.K. for large chain restaurants to present caloric content for menu items, this study reminds us that there isn't any legislature for cafeterias at universities, schools or workplaces to display this type of information," says Sara Bleich, PhD, Associate Professor at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, speaking on behalf of TOS. "The sooner policymakers better understand these associations between calorie labeling and weight loss, the closer we will all be to making better food choices."

This study is one of six papers selected by the editors of the journal Obesity to be highlighted in the 2nd Annual Obesity Journal Symposium at ObesityWeek 2014. This special session will be held on Wednesday, Nov. 5 from 1:00 – 2:30 p.m. ET and will highlight the following papers:

• Preventing Weight Gain with Calorie-Labeling, Charoula Konstantia Nikolaou, PhD, University of Glasgow
• Comparative Effectiveness of Three Doses of Weight-Loss Counseling: Two-Year Findings from the Rural LITE Trial, Michael G. Perri, PhD, University of Florida
• Kidney Function in Severely Obese Adolescents Undergoing Bariatric Surgery, Thomas Inge, MD, PhD, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
• Objective Physical Activity and Weight Loss in Adults: The Step-Up Randomized Clinical Trial, John Jakicic, PhD, University of Pittsburgh
• Cognitive Performance and BMI in Childhood: Shared Genetic Influences Between Reaction Time, but not Response Inhibition, Alexis Frazier-Wood, PhD, Baylor College of Medicine
• The Role of Small Heterodimer Partner in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Improvement After Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy in Mice, Andriy Myronovych, MD, PhD, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center

These papers will also be published in a special section of the November 2014 issue of Obesity.

About The Obesity Society (TOS)
TOS is the leading scientific society dedicated to the study of obesity. TOS is committed to encouraging research on the causes, treatment, and prevention of obesity as well as to keeping the scientific community and public informed of new advances in the field. For more information please visit: www.obesity.org. Connect with TOS on social media: Twitter, Facebook and LinkedIn. Find TOS disclosures here. 

About ObesityWeek 2014
ObesityWeek is the premier, international event focused on the basic science, clinical application, prevention and treatment of obesity. TOS and the American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (ASMBS) host the world's pre-eminent conference on obesity, ObesityWeek 2014, Nov. 2-7, at the Boston Convention and Exhibition Center in Boston, Mass. For the second year, both organizations hold their respective annual scientific meetings under one roof to unveil exciting new research, discuss emerging treatment and prevention options, and network and present. Connect and share with ObesityWeek on Twitter and Facebook, or by using #OW2014. 

SOURCE The Obesity Society

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