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Forschung der XJTLU führt zu Fortschritten bei der Kartierung von RNA-Modifizierung
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Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University

Mar 21, 2019, 07:20 ET

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SUZHOU, China, 21. März 2019 /PRNewswire/ -- Forscher der Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University haben eine hochauflösende Prognose für die RNA-Modifizierung des gesamten Transkriptoms m6A  durchgeführt, und somit die weltweit präziseste Karte des Epitranskriptoms m6A erstellt.

Die Forschung, die von Dr. Jia Meng, Fakultät für Biowissenschaften, geleitet wurde, wurde kürzlich in Nucleic Acids Research veröffentlicht.

Dr. Meng zufolge könnten die Ergebnisse vielversprechende Implikation für eine Reihe von Krankheiten haben.

„Es lässt sich nur schwer vorhersagen, welche Krankheiten von der Forschung zur m6A RNA-Methylierung profitieren werden, doch weisen Studien darauf hin, dass m6A RNA-Methylierung eine entscheidende Rolle bei Leukämie, Lungenkrebs und Brustkrebs spielt", erklärt er.

„Da es sich um eine fundamentale Ebene der Genregulation handelt, würde es mich nicht überraschen, wenn sich herausstellen sollte, dass Epitranskriptom-Regulation durch reversible m6A RNA-Methylierung eine bedeutende Rolle bei vielen Krankheiten spielt.

Krebserkrankungen bieten sich hier als weitere Forschungsrichtung an."

Dr. Meng erklärt, dass RNA für Ribonukleinsäure steht, die „Cousine" der DNA. m6A RNA-Modifizierung ist eine Art der biochemischen Modifizierung von RNA-Molekülen, was ihre biologischen Eigenschaften ändern sowie die Genexpression ohne Änderung der Sequenzen regulieren kann.

„In der Vergangenheit betrug die Genauigkeit bezüglich der prognostizierten Stelle von m6A RNA-Modifizierung mittels konventioneller Sequenzinformationen etwa 80 %", fügt er hinzu.

„Wir haben jedoch herausgefunden, dass durch Hinzufügen 35 zusätzlicher genomischer Eigenschaften, die Genauigkeit auf 90 % erhöht werden kann, was ein gewaltiger Schritt nach vorne ist."

Dr. Meng zufolge handelt es sich hierbei um ein in der Biowissenschaft aktuell heißes Thema, da es über 100 Arten der RNA-Modifizierung gibt, deren Funktionen größtenteils unbekannt sind.

Laut Dr. Meng ist m6A am häufigsten vertreten, woher weitere diesbezügliche Studien wahrscheinlich am nützlichsten seien.

Das Forschungsteam nutzte einen maschinellen Lernansatz für den Entwurf des m6A-Epitranskriptoms und erstellte ein Prognosemodell, das auf den konventionellen Sequenzmerkmalen sowie den neuen genomischen Eigenschaften basiert, um die Gene genau zu lokalisieren, die mit RNA-Modifizierung zusammenhängen könnten.

Kunqi Chen, Doktorand, sagte, dass präzisere Prognosen und ein besseres Verständnis der genauen Stelle von RNA-Modifizierungen Wissenschaftlern ermögliche, leichter zu identifizieren, welche Enzyme an diesem Prozess beteiligt sind.

„Unsere Arbeit bereichert die Untersuchung genetischer Funktionen und Merkmale sowie Studien zur Beziehung zwischen Genen und einigen menschlichen Krankheiten", erklärt er.

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