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IFPBM anuncia el primer estudio del mundo que compara las estrategias de transfusión
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News provided by

The International Foundation for Patient Blood Management (IFPBM)

Jun 26, 2020, 07:20 ET

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- IFPBM anuncia "el primer estudio del mundo que confirma que menos es seguro, incluso mejor, en cuanto a las transfusiones, reafirmando la evidencia en medio de la escasez de sangre por el COVID-19"

BASEL, Suiza, 26 de junio de 2020 /PRNewswire/ -- En un estudio que es el primero de su clase, los investigadores de la University of Western Australia analizaron una cantidad masiva de datos sobre tasas de mortalidad de todas las revisiones sistemáticas de ensayos clínicos comparando las estrategias de transfusión restrictivas y liberales. El estudio de referencia, conocido como Overview of Systematic Reviews, combinó datos de 19 revisiones de 53 ensayos clínicos únicos publicados entre 1956 y 2017. Los resultados se publican online hoy en la revista BMC Medicine. (Systematic reviews and meta-analyses comparing mortality in restrictive and liberal haemoglobin thresholds for red cell transfusion: an overview of systematic reviews)

En cuanto al estudio, el principal autor, Kevin Trentino, dijo: "Nuestra exhaustiva búsqueda por la literatura médica se resumió en amplias cantidades de datos de revisiones de ensayos clínicos, convirtiéndose en el punto de inicio ideal para médicos y desarrolladores de directrices interesados en investigar sobre la práctica de la transfusión".

Los resultados cuentan una historia interesante. En 1999, los investigadores de Canadá publicaron un ensayo clínico de referencia en el que se investigaba el impacto de retrasar la decisión de transfusión hasta que los niveles sanguíneos del paciente se redujesen a los niveles más bajos que los previamente considerados necesarios para la seguridad del paciente (conocido como estrategia restrictiva). Los resultados se opusieron a las antiguas creencias sobre transfusión, ya que los autores no descubrieron beneficio para los pacientes asignados a una estrategia de transfusión más liberal. De hecho, en algunas mediciones, los pacientes asignados a un grupo de transfusión restrictivo, que recibió menos sangre, obtuvo mejor resultado.  

"Es interesante que 20 años después, con más de 50 ensayos clínicos adicionales, aún estemos sacando las mismas conclusiones", dijo el profesor  Aryeh Shander, socio científico de IFPBM. "Descubrimos que tres cuartos de los estudios no hallaban diferencia en las tasas de mortalidad entre los grupos, y un cuarto determinó que las tasas de mortalidad eran más bajas en los asignados a una estrategia de transfusión restrictiva".

El autor principal, Trentino, también dijo que esta revisión exhaustiva identificó una serie de limitaciones graves con las revisiones y ensayos clínicos incluidos. "Los problemas que identificamos son relevantes porque resultaron en diferencias más pequeñas de las esperadas en transfusiones, entre grupos estudiados, sesgando los resultados hacia ninguna diferencia en la mortalidad. Estas limitaciones necesitarían tenerse en cuenta con la realización de futuros ensayos y revisiones para conseguir un mejor conocimiento del impacto de la estrategia de transfusión en los resultados del paciente".

Los resultados de este trabajo son especialmente oportunos en el contexto de la actual pandemia del COVID-19. "En todo el mundo el cuidado médico está experimentando retos de suministro sanguíneo con una importante caída en las donaciones debido a la pandemia", dijo el coautor, el doctor Shannon Farmer. "Este estudio ofrece algunas de las mayores evidencias que apoyan una llamada global a la acción de más de 43 expertos internacionales para la implementación inmediata de una mejor gestión de la sangre del paciente". (The Essential Role of Patient Blood Management in a Pandemic: A Call for Action)

https://www.ifpbm.org/

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