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Innovativo trattamento del cancro supportato da NICE
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News provided by

Sirtex Medical Limited

Jul 25, 2013, 11:13 ET

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LONDRA, July 25, 2013 /PRNewswire/ --

LE NUOVE LINEE GUIDA DEL REGNO UNITO DOVREBBERO MIGLIORARE L'ACCESSO DEI PAZIENTI AFFETTI DA CANCRO DEL FEGATO PRIMARIO ALLE MICROSFERE SIR-SPHERES®

L'Istituto Nazionale per la Salute e l'Eccellenza Clinica (NICE, National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence) del Regno Unito ha pubblicato alcune linee guida a supporto dell'utilizzo ordinario della SIRT (Selective Internal Radiation Therapy, Radioterapia interna selettiva) per il trattamento dei pazienti affetti da cancro primario del fegato.[1] Questa decisione certamente agevola i soggetti che soffrono della forma più comune di cancro primario del fegato, denominata carcinoma epatocellulare, le cui opzioni di trattamento sono, al momento, scarse.

La SIRT viene utilizzata per il trattamento di tumori epatici non operabili ed implica l'iniezione di milioni di minuscole microsfere radioattive nel fegato, attraverso l'arteria epatica (irrorazione sanguigna). Ciascuna microsfera è rivestita di un isotopo radioattivo ad emissione beta, chiamato ittrio-90. La radiazione consente il trattamento localizzato alle cellule tumorali e preserva, nel contempo, le cellule epatiche normali. Le microsfere SIR-Spheres, una forma di SIRT approvata in Europa nel 2002, sono state utilizzate per oltre 35.000 trattamenti a livello internazionale. Oltre 500 pazienti hanno ricevuto questo tipo di trattamento in Gran Bretagna. Le linee guida NICE, rilasciate il 24 luglio 2013, hanno confermato che le evidenze scientifiche, relative alla sicurezza ed efficacia della SIRT per i pazienti affetti da carcinoma epatocellulare, sono ora da considerare adeguate; questo indica, specificamente, che i pazienti aventi diritto al servizio sanitario del Regno Unito possono attualmente contare su un accesso facilitato a questo trattamento.

Il Dott. Harpreet Wasan, Oncologo Consulente di Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, ha affermato:

"La SIRT rappresenta un trattamento innovativo per i pazienti affetti da tumori del fegato non operabili, una patologia per la quale poche altre opzioni di trattamento efficaci sono disponibili. La notizia della pubblicazione delle linee guida NICE, a supporto delle più recenti evidenze relative alla SIRT per il trattamento del carcinoma epatocellulare, è davvero eccellente e dovrebbe consentire l'accesso alla SIRT dei pazienti idonei, tramite il servizio sanitario del Regno Unito. Mi auguro che, di conseguenza, le "prescrizioni in base al luogo di residenza" e i ritardi nei trattamenti dovuti alle lungaggini delle domande di sovvenzionamento e del processo di approvazione non costituiscano più un problema per  somministrare  la SIRT ai pazienti aventi diritto al servizio sanitario del Regno Unito".

Informazioni sul carcinoma epatocellulare

Il carcinoma epatocellulare si riscontra, più comunemente, in soggetti il cui fegato sia gravemente danneggiato o cirrotico, normalmente a causa di condizioni epatiche sottostanti, come un'infezione da precedente epatite virale o problemi al fegato dovuti all'alcol. Si tratta di una delle 10 più comuni forme di cancro al mondo, con quasi 750.000 casi diagnosticati ogni anno, e della terza principale causa di decesso per tumore[2]. Il carcinoma epatocellulare si verifica più frequentemente nelle aree geografiche in cui l'epatite viene più spesso diagnosticata, come la regione Asia-Pacifico e l'Europa Meridionale.

Il carcinoma epatocellulare può essere curato soltanto attraverso l'intervento chirurgico, con l'ablazione o resezione di parti malate del fegato, o tramite trapianto con il fegato di un donatore. Comunque, questi interventi non sono idonei alla maggior parte dei pazienti, la cui percentuale di sopravvivenza potrebbe andare da alcuni mesi a due o più anni, principalmente in base allo stato del loro fegato al momento della diagnosi e all'estensione del tumore nel fegato.

Ulteriori informazioni:

Le microsfere SIR-Spheres sono state approvate per l'impiego in Australia, nell'Unione Europea (Marchio CE), in Nuova Zelanda, in Svizzera, in Turchia e in vari altri Paesi, per il trattamento di tumori del fegato non resecabili.

Le microsfere SIR-Spheres sono anche pienamente approvate da PMA FDA e sono indicate negli Stati Uniti per il trattamento di tumori metastatici del fegato  non resecabili, da cancro colorettale primario, in combinazione con la chemioterapia arteriosa intra-epatica che utilizza la flossuridina.

®SIR-Spheres è un marchio commerciale registrato di Sirtex SIR-Spheres Pty Ltd.

Riferimenti:

  1. Istituto Nazionale per la Salute e l'Eccellenza Clinica (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence). Radioterapia interna selettiva (SIRT, Selective Internal Radiation Therapy) per il carcinoma epatocellulare primario (Linea guida n. 460 sulla procedura di intervento). London: NICE, luglio 2013.
  2. GLOBOCAN. Incidenza del cancro epatico e mortalità a livello mondiale (Liver Cancer Incidence and Mortality Worldwide) nel 2008.

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