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Investigação de Alta Qualidade mostra de forma consistente os benefícios do uso de adoçantes de Baixo Teor Calórico para Controlo do Peso
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News provided by

International Sweeteners Association (ISA)

Jul 18, 2017, 05:14 ET

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BRUXELAS, July 18, 2017 /PRNewswire/ --

Declaração da ISA em resposta ao estudo da Azad et al   

As conclusões a uma nova análise sistemática por Azad et al.[1] de que os adoçantes de baixo teor calórico podem estar relacionados com o aumento do peso e risco de doença cardíaca com base em conclusões de estudos coorte observacionais não são suportados pelo collective evidence from well-designed human intervention studies e anteriormente através de revisões sistemáticas e meta-análises [2],[3].   Para começar, estas afirmações não são confirmadas pelas conclusões da meta-análises dos ensaios clínicos controlados aleatórios (ECRs) conduzidos pelo autor deste trabalho.

De facto, um conjunto forte de testes em humanos demonstrou consistentemente que os adoçantes de baixo teor calórico podem ser relevantes no controlo de peso, quando usados em vez do açúcar e fazendo parte de uma alimentação saudável e estilo de vida. Contrariamente às afirmações publicadas no estudo por Azad et al., os estudos de coorte observacional, intencionalmente, não apresentam nem podem apresentar provas de que os adoçantes de baixo teor calórico estão ligados ao aumento de peso ou doença cardíaca, como estão sujeitos a um viés de indicação e causalidade inversa não podem ser ignorados. Para começar, não existe um único estudo clínico aleatorizado publicado, o padrão-ouro de investigação em nutrição que demonstrou que o uso de adoçantes de baixo teor calórico pode levar ao aumento de peso ou a alguns efeitos negativos para a saúde.

Para colocar as conclusões da publicação de Azad et al. em contexto, alguns estudos observacionais descobriram que pessoas que sofrem de excesso de peso ou são obesas e pessoas com diabetes ou outras doenças cardio-Metabólicas que geralmente estão associadas à obesidade, tendem a usar mais frequentemente adoçantes de baixo teor calórico. No entanto, isto pode acontecer na sua tentativa de e como uma estratégia para reduzir a ingestão de calorias e açúcares, o que é uma recomendação comum na dieta nessas condições de saúde. Além disso, na maioria dos estudos observacionais, o ajustamento para as variáveis relacionadas com adiposidade atenua ou diminui as relações observadas, levando a associações que não são significativas.

De forma a atribuir as maiores taxas de obesidade a consumidores que usam frequentemente os adoçantes de baixo teor calórico por si, em vez de alguns factores desmedidos confusos, para terem de provar a causa, é necessário um estudo clínico aleatório. Este é o único delineamento metodológico em estudos humanos que demonstra a relação causa e efeito, e no caso dos efeitos do adoçante de baixo teor calórico no peso do corpo, os dados recolhidos dos RCT's são evidentes e apontam regularmente para uma vantagem minima de adoçantes de baixo teor calórico usados na perda e manutenção de peso. [2],[3] Consideravelmente, trials of longer duration have shown higher weight loss and maintenance with low calorie sweeteners' use.[5],[6]

Surpreendentemente, os autores também suportam a ideia de que os dados recolhidos dos RCTs não suportam claramente os benefícios pretendidos dos edulcorantes não nutritivos para manutenção do peso, no entanto, o critério de selecção usado para a meta- análise dos RCTs neste estudo leva à exclusão de diversos ensaios clínicos bem elaborados que foram incluídos numa análise sistemática minuciosa e em meta-análises por Rogers et al.[3]  

Numa altura em que a obesidade e as condições sanitárias relacionadas estão a aumentar, os adoçantes com baixo teor calórico podem ser um instrumento dietético útil fazendo parte de uma dieta equilibrada e estilo de vida saudável, baseando-se em provas evidentes concluindo que, no geral, o seu uso em vez do açúcar leva à redução da ingestão calórica e à perda de peso moderada.

Notas para os editores:
Para mais informações sobre adoçantes de baixo teor calórico, por favor, visite http://www.sweeteners.org ou contacte o Secretariado da ISA por clicking here.

Referências:  

  1. Azad M., Abou-Setta AM., Chauhan BF., et al. Edulcorantes não nutritivos e saúde cardio-metabólica: a revisão sistemática e meta- análise de ensaios controlados aleatórios e estudos prospectivos de coorte. Canadian Medical Association Journal, July 2017; 189: E929-39.
  2. Miller PE, Perez V. Low-calorie sweeteners and body weight and composition: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 100: 765-77.
  3. Rogers PJ, Hogenkamp PS, de Graaf C, et al. Does low-energy sweetener consumption affect energy intake and body weight? A systematic review, including meta-analyses, of the evidence from human and animal studies. Int J Obes (Lond) 2016; 40: 381-94.
  4. Romo-Romo A., Aguilar-Salinas CA, Gomez-Diaz RA., et al. Edulcorantes não nutritivos: Existem provas da sua associação a doenças metabólicas e potenciais efeitos da glucose no metabolismo e apetite. Rev Invest Clin. 2017 May-Jun; 69(3): 129-138.
  5. Blackburn GL, Kanders BS, Lavin PT, et al. O efeito do aspartame como parte de um programa multidisciplinar de controlo de peso a curto e em longo prazo. Am J Clin Nutr 1997; 65: 409-18.
  6. Peters JC, Beck J, Cardel M, et al. Os efeitos da água e bebidas açucaradas não nutritivas na perda e manutenção de peso: um exame clínico aleatório. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24: 297-304.

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