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Investigación de XJTLU logra avances en mapeo de modificación del ARN
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Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University

Mar 21, 2019, 10:41 ET

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SUZHOU, China, 21 de marzo de 2019 /PRNewswire/ -- Investigadores de la Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (XJTLU) completaron una predicción de alta resolución de la modificación m6A del transcriptoma completo del ARN, y han creado con éxito el mapa más preciso del mundo para el epitranscriptoma m6A.

Dirigida por el Dr. Jia Meng del Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, la investigación fue recientemente publicada en Nucleic Acids Research.

El Dr. Meng sostiene que los resultados pueden tener implicancias prometedoras para una serie de enfermedades.

"Es difícil predecir qué enfermedades se beneficiarán con la investigación sobre la metilación m6A del ARN, pero los estudios indican que las enzimas de la metilación m6A del ARN cumplen una función clave en la leucemia, el cáncer pulmonar y el cáncer mamario", señala.

"Por ser una capa fundamental de la regulación de los genes, no me sorprendería ver que la regulación del epitranscriptoma a través de metilación m6A del ARN reversible cumpliendo una función importante en numerosas enfermedades.

"El cáncer está demostrando ser una dirección prometedora para explorar con más detalle".

El Dr. Meng explica que ARN es la sigla de ácido ribonucleico –conocido como el 'primo' del ADN– y que la modificación m6A del ARN es un tipo de modificación química de las moléculas de ARN, que puede alterar sus propiedades biológicas y regular la expresión de los genes sin cambiar sus secuencias.

"Anteriormente, la precisión de la predicción de sitio de modificación m6A del ARN solo podía llegar al 80 por ciento usando información de secuencia convencional, pero descubrimos fue que al agregar 35 características genómicas adicionales, podíamos incrementar la precisión al 90 por ciento, lo que constituye un gran paso adelante", manifestó.

El Dr. Meng dice que este es un tema candente en la ciencia biológica actual, dado que hay más de 100 tipos diferentes de modificaciones del ARN, y sus funciones son en gran medida desconocidas.

De acuerdo con el Dr. Meng, la m6A es la más abundante y es probable que sea la más valiosa de estudiar.

El equipo de investigación usó un método que contempló aprendizaje de máquina al elaborar el mapa del epitranscriptoma de la m6A, con lo que estableció un modelo de predicción basado en las características de la secuencia convencional, así como nuevas características genómicas para predecir las ubicaciones exactas en los genes que podrían estar relacionadas con modificaciones del ARN.

El estudiante de PhD Kunqi Chen explicó que las predicciones más exactas, así como la mejor comprensión del sitio de las modificaciones del ARN, permiten a los científicos identificar con más facilidad cuáles enzimas están involucradas en el proceso.

"Nuestro trabajo contribuye al estudio de las funciones y los rasgos genéticos, y la relación entre genes y algunas enfermedades humanas", sostuvo.

 

 

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