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Investigadores de los NIH crean un atlas sobre las células únicas de la placenta durante el parto a término
  • USA - English


News provided by

Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Institutes of Health (NIH)

Jan 10, 2024, 14:30 ET

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BETHESDA, Maryland, 10 de enero de 2024 /PRNewswire-HISPANIC PR WIRE/ -- 

QUÉ:  
Un atlas que revela la actividad de las células individuales de la placenta durante el parto ofrece información sobre lo que ocurre en la interfaz materno-fetal durante el parto a término, según un estudio financiado por los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud (NIH). El atlas aporta un análisis unicelular de la placenta humana y sus membranas circundantes y es el primero en utilizar este método para comprender la comunicación que se produce entre las células maternas y fetales durante el proceso del parto. El estudio de estos procesos ayuda a comprender el típico parto a término, así como el trabajo de parto y el parto prematuro, que se produce antes de las 37 semanas de embarazo y es una de las principales causas de muerte infantil y discapacidad a largo plazo. El estudio, dirigido por investigadores del Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano Eunice Kennedy Shriver (NICHD) perteneciente a los NIH, se publica en la última edición de Science Translational Medicine.

El equipo del estudio creó el atlas placentario utilizando la secuenciación de ARN unicelular (también llamada transcriptómica unicelular), que examina la actividad y los patrones de señalización de las células individuales. El atlas, basado en muestras de 42 embarazos a término, describe los cambios en los patrones de expresión de los genes entre los distintos tipos celulares de la placenta y las membranas que la rodean, que incluyen células maternas y fetales.

Los investigadores descubrieron que las células más afectadas por el trabajo de parto se encontraban en las membranas corioamnióticas que rodean al feto y se rompen como parte del proceso de parto. También descubrieron que las células del estroma fetal y las células deciduales maternas eran especialmente activas en la generación de señales inflamatorias.  Estos hallazgos son consistentes con investigaciones anteriores que demuestran que la inflamación (no relacionada con una infección) es importante para mantener el trabajo de parto.

El estudio también prueba el concepto que establece que los biomarcadores placentarios presentes en la sangre materna pueden utilizarse para identificar embarazos con riesgo de parto prematuro. Los investigadores utilizaron el atlas para clasificar firmas celulares específicas del parto, detectables en muestras de sangre materna de embarazos a término y prematuros.  Sin embargo, resulta necesaria una validación adicional mediante estudios más amplios.

Este trabajo fue realizado por el Departamento de Investigación sobre el Embarazo del NICHD y fue dirigido por el Dr. Roberto Romero, M.D., D.Med.Sci. del NICHD; Nardhy Gomez-Lopez, Ph.D. de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Washington; y Roger Pique-Regi, Ph.D., de la Universidad Estatal Wayne.

QUIÉN:
Roberto Romero, M.D., D.Med.Sci., jefe del Departamento de Investigación sobre el Embarazo del NICHD.

Para concertar una entrevista con el Dr. Romero, llame al 301-496-5133 o envíe un e-mail a [email protected].

REFERENCIA:  
Garcia-Flores V, et al., Deciphering maternal-fetal crosstalk in the human placenta during parturition using single-cell RNA sequencing. Science Translational Medicine DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adh8335 (2024)

Acerca del Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano Eunice Kennedy Shriver (NICHD): el NICHD lidera la investigación y la capacitación para comprender el desarrollo humano, mejorar la salud reproductiva, mejorar la vida de los niños y adolescentes y optimizar las capacidades de todos. Para más información, visite https://www.nichd.nih.gov.

Acerca de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud (NIH): los NIH, la agencia de investigación médica del país, incluyen 27 institutos y centros, e integran el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de EE. UU. NIH es la principal agencia federal que lleva a cabo y respalda la investigación médica básica, clínica y transnacional, e investiga causas, tratamientos y curas para enfermedades comunes y enfermedades poco frecuentes. Para más información acerca de los NIH y sus programas, visite https://www.nih.gov.

FUENTE Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Institutes of Health (NIH)

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