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La croissance du PIB de la Chine en 2021 devrait atteindre 8 % : Rapport du groupe de réflexion PHBS
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News provided by

Peking University HSBC Business School

Jan 07, 2022, 07:50 ET

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SHENZHEN, Chine, 7 janvier 2022 /PRNewswire/ -- Le taux de croissance du PIB chinois en 2021 devrait être de 8 %, avec une croissance prévue de 3,7 % au quatrième trimestre, selon un rapport publié récemment par le groupe de réflexion PHBS de l'Université de Pékin. Bien que la Chine ait été la seule grande économie à enregistrer une croissance en 2020, elle a dû faire face à de multiples défis pour son expansion en 2021, et l'économie réelle reste atone, indique le rapport.

Le groupe de réflexion du PHBS estime que la pression à la baisse sur l'économie réelle de la Chine est encore élevée au quatrième trimestre, en raison de la faiblesse de la consommation, d'une baisse significative des investissements dans les infrastructures et l'immobilier, et de la pression à la hausse de l'IPC. Les prix de certaines matières premières en amont étant toujours à des niveaux élevés, la hausse des prix a commencé à se transmettre aux produits intermédiaires et en aval.

En raison de la triple pression exercée par la contraction de la demande, les chocs de l'offre et l'affaiblissement des attentes, le taux de croissance annuel du PIB de la Chine devrait être de 5,0 % en 2022, selon le groupe de réflexion PHBS. Le ralentissement du marché immobilier et de la consommation devrait continuer à peser sur la croissance de la deuxième économie mondiale. Sur la base de son modèle DSGE, le Think Tank estime qu'une baisse de 10 % de l'investissement immobilier entraînera une diminution de 2,1 % de la croissance du PIB, provoquant la perte de 6,85 millions d'emplois dans les secteurs connexes.

Comme la variante omicron, les perturbations persistantes de la chaîne d'approvisionnement et les pressions inflationnistes limitent la reprise de l'économie mondiale après la pandémie, certains des facteurs soutenant les exportations de la Chine devraient être affaiblis en 2022. Le rapport comprend les résultats des prévisions selon lesquelles la contribution au PIB de la Chine de la consommation, des investissements et des exportations nettes sera respectivement de 1,9 point de pourcentage, 1,7 point de pourcentage et 1,4 point de pourcentage.

Le groupe de réflexion du PHBS suggère que des politiques plus proactives doivent être mises en œuvre en 2022. Elle conseille au gouvernement de renforcer la politique fiscale afin d'accroître la consommation intérieure et les investissements dans les infrastructures et de garantir l'approvisionnement en matières premières en amont. En outre, le rapport conclut que des politiques efficaces d'octroi de prêts et de financement sont nécessaires pour éviter un atterrissage brutal du secteur immobilier.

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