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La GLP-1 altera el modo en que el cerebro responde a la comida
  • USA - English


News provided by

American Diabetes Association

Jun 09, 2015, 10:15 ET

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BOSTON, 9 de junio de 2015 /PRNewswire-HISPANIC PR WIRE/ -- Los medicamentos basados en hormonas intestinales que se utilizan para tratar la diabetes, como los agonistas del receptor de GLP-1, también han demostrado reducir el peso corporal. Los investigadores han estado trabajando para entender de qué modo. Este estudio, que se presenta hoy en las 75as. Sesiones Científicas de la Asociación Americana de la Diabetes (American Diabetes Association), muestra el modo en que los agonistas del receptor de GLP-1 alteran la respuesta del cerebro a la comida, posiblemente reduciendo los antojos por comida y aumentando la satisfacción al comer.

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Estudios previos han demostrado que el cerebro de las personas obesas tiene una respuesta a las imágenes de comida mayor que el de las personas delgadas, y una menor respuesta de gratificación durante el consumo de comida, lo que podría conducir a una sobreingesta. Investigadores en Ámsterdam sometieron a prueba la hipótesis de que el agonista del receptor de GLP-1 exenatida – un medicamento que imita los efectos de la GLP-1 natural adhiriéndose al receptor de GLP-1 – ayudaba a los pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 a perder peso, alterando la respuesta del cerebro a la ingesta de alimentos y disminuyendo el apetito.

"Al comer se liberan diversas hormonas. Una de ellas es la GLP-1", explicó la doctora Liselotte van Bloemendaal, estudiante de doctorado en el Centro de Diabetes del Centro Médico de la Universidad VU de Ámsterdam. "Estas hormonas envían información al sistema nervioso central sobre el estado nutricional, para regular el apetito. Utilizando imágenes de RM funcional (que mide la actividad cerebral mediante la detección de cambios en el flujo sanguíneo), observamos los centros de gratificación en el cerebro de individuos obesos con y sin diabetes tipo 2, y medimos la respuesta a la ingestión esperada y real de leche chocolatada, a la vez que se les administraba un agonista del receptor de GLP-1 por vía intravenosa frente a placebo. Encontramos que la activación del receptor de GLP-1 disminuía la gratificación anticipatoria por el alimento, lo que puede reducir los antojos por comida, y aumentaba la sensación de gratificación por el alimento durante el consumo, lo que puede reducir la sobreingesta.

"Dado el dramático aumento global de la prevalencia de obesidad, se necesitan más perspectivas sobre los mecanismos mediante los cuales se activan estos centros de gratificación", dijo la doctora van Bloemendaal, y agregó que una vía que amerita profundizar la investigación sería estudiar si agregar una segunda hormona, por ejemplo glucagón, al tratamiento con el agonista del receptor de GLP-1 podría incrementar aún más la pérdida de peso. Además, Bloemendaal está interesada en determinar si los agonistas del receptor de GLP-1 pueden alterar los impulsos por las drogas, el alcohol y la nicotina en los humanos, lo que ofrecería una posible meta terapéutica para los trastornos de abuso de sustancias. La Administración de Drogas y Alimentos de los Estados Unidos recientemente aprobó el primer agonista de GLP-1 para el tratamiento de la obesidad en los Estados Unidos.

La Asociación Americana de la Diabetes está a la cabeza de la lucha por detener a la diabetes (Stop Diabetes®) y sus consecuencias fatales, y en defender a los afectados por la diabetes. La Asociación financia investigaciones para prevenir, curar y manejar la diabetes; presta servicios a cientos de comunidades; proporciona información objetiva y creíble, y les da voz a quienes se ven privados de sus derechos a causa de la diabetes. En los últimos 75 años, nuestra misión ha sido prevenir y curar la diabetes, y mejorar las vidas de todas las personas afectadas por ella. Para obtener más información, comuníquese con la Asociación Americana de la Diabetes al 1-800-DIABETES (800-342-2383) o visite diabetes.org. La información en ambas fuentes está disponible en inglés y en español.

FUENTE American Diabetes Association

Related Links

http://www.diabetes.org

SOURCE American Diabetes Association

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