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La sperimentazione randomizzata controllata di III fase conferma l'efficacia e la sicurezza clinica della radioembolizzazione utilizzando microsfere in resina di 90Y per i pazienti affetti da cancro colon-rettale inoperabile, con metastasi al fegato, che hanno fallito la chemioterapia


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Sirtex

Aug 20, 2010, 06:26 ET

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BRUXELLES, August 20, 2010 /PRNewswire/ -- Secondo i risultati finali della sperimentazione randomizzata controllata di III fase, pubblicati nel prestigioso Journal of Clinical Oncology (1), utilizzando l'innovativa tecnica della radioembolizzazione per trattare i pazienti affetti da cancro colon-rettale con metastasi al fegato inoperabile, che hanno fallito le opzioni di chemioterapia delle cure standard, si può prolungare il tempo di più del doppio prima che progredisca la malattia.

La prospettiva: la sperimentazione randomizzata ha paragonato una chemioterapia con infusione protratta di 5-fluorouracil (5FU) alla stessa chemioterapia combinata con la radioembolizzazione, anche conosciuta come la terapia radiottiva selettiva interna (SIRT), utilizzando microsfere di resina di 90Y (sfere SIR; Sirtex Medical, Sydney, Australia). L'obiettivo della sperimentazione era quello di definire l'efficacia e la sicurezza di questa combinazione in pazienti con metastasi al fegato dovuta al cancro colon-rettale ed è stata condotta in tre policlinici universitari belgi (2).

Nella sperimentazione sono stati reclutati 46 pazienti che avevano fallito tutte le altre terapie mediche standard. Il tempo prima dell'inizio della progressione della metastasi al fegato -scopo primario dello studio - è aumentato in modo significativo da una media di 2,1 mesi, in pazienti a cui veniva somministrato esclusivamente il 5FU, a 5,5 mesi per i pazienti sottoposti a radioembolizzazione più 5FU. Il rischio di progressione è stato inferiore del 62% per i pazienti sottoposti alla radioembolizzazione più 5FU (percentuale di rischio 0,38; p=0,003). Anche il tempo prima della progressione della malattia in qualsiasi punto del corpo è stato significativamente più lungo, da una media di 2,1 mesi nei pazienti trattati con terapia tradizionale a 4,5 mesi per i pazienti sottoposti a terapia di radioembolizzazione/5FU (tasso di pericolo 0,51; p=0,03). Anche la metastasi del fegato è stata tenuta sotto controllo in modo significativamente superiore nei pazienti sottoposti alla radioembolizzazione più 5FU, dal 35% all'85% (p=0,001). Il numero di pazienti sottoposti alla terapia tradizionale con 5FU che ha sperimentato effetti collaterali gravi è stato superiore rispetto a quello dei pazienti sottoposti alla radioembolizzazione più 5FU (26% rispetto al 5%; p=0,10).

La capacità di mostrare la differenza nella sopravvivenza generale dei pazienti è stata affievolita dal modello etico dello studio, dato che i pazienti sottoposti esclusivamente a terapia con 5FU sono stati rivalutati solo al momento della progressione del cancro e, se possibile, sono stati trattati solo con la radioembolizzazione. Dieci pazienti sottoposti a terapia tradizionale sono stati successivamente trattati con la radioembolizzazione e 6 hanno ricevuto ulteriore chemioterapia, così come hanno anche 9 pazienti del gruppo della radioembolizzazione più 5FU. La sopravvivenza generale media nei pazienti che hanno ricevuto solo 5FU è stata di 7,3 mesi rispetto ai 10 mesi nei pazienti sottoposti a radioembolizzazione più 5FU, una differenza statisticamente non rilevante.

"La combinazione di radioembolizzazione, utilizzando microsfere in resina di 90Y, e chemioterapia 5FU è stata ben tollerata e migliora in modo significativo i risultati dei pazienti rispetto al solo 5FU", ha detto il Dr. Alain Hendlisz, responsabile dell'unità di gastroenterologia all'Institut Jules Bordet a Bruxelles, Belgio e ricercatore capo dell'esperimento. "I risultati di questo esperimento randomizzato controllato forniscono prove di livello 1 che la radioembolizzazione con microsfere di resina di 90Y è un'opzione terapeutica valida per i pazienti affetti da cancro colon-rettale con metastasi al fegato che hanno fallito la chemioterapia".

Al momento, ampie sperimentazioni randomizzate controllate a livello internazionale stanno valutando l'efficacia della radioembolizzazione utilizzando microsfere di resina di 90Y combinata alla chemioterapia di prima linea nel trattamento di pazienti affetti da cancro colon-rettale, con metastasi al fegato, rispetto alla sola chemioterapia, al fine di valutare se la combinazione debba essere usata come intervento nelle fasi primarie dei tumori al fegato.

Note e bibliografia

1. Hendlisz A, Van den Eynde M, Peeters M et al. Phase III trial comparing protracted intravenous fluorouracil infusion alone or with yttrium-90 resin microspheres radioembolization for liver-limited metastatic colorectal cancer refractory to standard chemotherapy. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2010; 28: 3687-3694.

2. The clinical trial was conducted at the following hospitals:

- Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium

- Universitair Ziekenhuis Gent, Gent, Belgium

- University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium

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