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Las pruebas genéticas del líquido amniótico podrían ayudar a orientar el tratamiento de los nacimientos prematuros
  • USA - español


News provided by

March of Dimes

Oct 28, 2015, 07:04 ET

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WHITE PLAINS, Nueva York, Oct. 28, 2015 /PRNewswire-HISPANIC PR WIRE/ -- Investigadores parcialmente financiados por The March of Dimes reportan haber identificado una manera de realizar pruebas genéticas del líquido amniótico de mujeres embarazadas a fin de determinar mejor las necesidades médicas de los bebés prematuros, así lo informó hoy la publicación especializada BMC Medical Genomics.

Logo - http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20150409/197662LOGO

El desarrollo crucial de órganos vitales como el cerebro, el corazón y los pulmones tiene lugar en las últimas semanas de gestación, proceso que debe durar al menos 39 semanas, señala The March of Dimes. El hallazgo de hoy es importante, pues hasta ahora no se cuenta con una prueba capaz de medir confiablemente la madurez de estos órganos antes del nacimiento, según dicen los autores de la nota.

El nacimiento prematuro es la principal causa de mortalidad infantil en los Estados Unidos y los bebés que sobreviven a un nacimiento prematuro suelen enfrentar problemas serios de salud que pueden persistir toda la vida, entre ellos problemas respiratorios, ictericia, retraso en el desarrollo, pérdida de la vista y parálisis cerebral. Incluso los bebés que nacen tan solo unas cuantas semanas antes de tiempo muestran mayores índices de mortalidad y discapacidad que aquellos que llegan a término. Sin embargo, existen trastornos de salud que hacen indispensable el alumbramiento antes de las 39 semanas de gestación.

"Este estudio demuestra la factibilidad de someter el líquido amniótico a pruebas a fin de identificar biomarcadores de maduración orgánica fetal y así facultar mejor a los obstetras en la tarea de tomar decisiones para planear el alumbramiento en casos de bebés prematuros", dijo la médica y maestra en salud pública Beena Kamath-Rayne, una de las autoras principales e investigadora del Instituto Perinatal del Hospital Infantil de Cincinnati. "Esto permitirá a los pediatras y neonatólogos prepararse para las diversas morbilidades neonatales que los bebés prematuros podrían enfrentar, y permitirá a los obstetras ponderar mejor los riesgos para el bebé al tomar la decisión sobre el alumbramiento prematuro".

Los investigadores identificaron 257 genes de manifestación distinta en fetos prematuros fallecidos (34-36 semanas) en comparación con los nacidos a término. Mediante otros análisis, los autores vincularon los genes de manifestación distinta en bebés prematuros a pulmones subdesarrollados, menor masa corporal magra y patrones inmaduros de alimentación. Los autores enfatizan que se requiere de investigaciones más allá del estudio actual, en parte debido a la pequeña muestra estudiada.

El doctor y médico Louis J. Muglia, coautor del trabajo, es el investigador principal del Centro de Investigación sobre Alumbramientos Prematuros de The March of Dimes en Ohio Collaborative, conformado por científicos de diversas disciplinas: genética, biología molecular, epidemiología, ingeniería e informática entre otras. El equipo trabaja para encontrar las causas desconocidas de los nacimientos prematuros y su prevención.

"El innovador modelo de los Centros de Investigación sobre Alumbramientos Prematuros de The March of Dimes se basa en el trabajo en equipo y es crucial para comprender las causas desconocidas de los nacimientos prematuros. Este nuevo hallazgo aporta una pequeña pieza en la labor de armar el enorme rompecabezas que es el alumbramiento prematuro", dijo el Dr. Muglia.

Además de Ohio Collaborative, The March of Dimes ha fundado otros cuatro Centros de Investigación sobre Alumbramientos Prematuros: en la Facultad de Medicina de Stanford University en California, University of Pennsylvania, Washington University en St. Louis y University of Chicago-Northwestern University-Duke University.

"Evaluación biológica sistémica del transcriptoma en líquido amniótico libre de células en bebés nacidos a término y prematuros a fin de detectar la madurez fetal", por la Dra. Kamath-Rayne et al., se publicó hoy en línea en BMC Medical Genomics.

The March of Dimes trabaja para mejorar la salud de los bebés con la prevención de los defectos de nacimiento, los nacimientos prematuros y la mortalidad infantil. The March of Dimes es la organización no lucrativa líder en el ámbito de la salud de los bebés y durante el embarazo. Durante más de 75 años las madres y sus bebés se han beneficiado de las investigaciones, los programas educativos, las vacunas y los hallazgos de The March of Dimes. Si desea consultar la información y los materiales más recientes, visite marchofdimes.com o nacersano.org. Encuéntrenos en Facebook y síganos en Twitter.

Related Links

http://www.marchofdimes.org

SOURCE March of Dimes

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