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Las tasas de mortalidad infantil alcanzan un mínimo histórico
  • USA - English

Evitar los partos prematuros salva las vidas de los bebés


News provided by

March of Dimes

Apr 23, 2013, 06:36 ET

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WHITE PLAINS, Nueva York, 23 de abril de 2013 /PRNewswire-HISPANIC PR WIRE/ -- Los bebés en los Estados Unidos tuvieron mejores expectativas de sobrevivir la infancia en 2011 que nunca antes. Según el Centro Nacional para Estadísticas de Salud (National Center for Health Statistics), la tasa de mortalidad infantil en los Estados Unidos bajó en 2011 a 6.05 muertes infantiles por cada 1,000 nacimientos vivos, un mínimo histórico.

(Logo: http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20130214/DC59689LOGO )

La tasa de mortalidad infantil disminuyó en parte porque murieron menos bebés a causa de la prematuridad y el bajo peso al nacer.

"Evitar los nacimientos prematuros salva vidas", dijo la Dra. Jennifer L. Howse, presidenta del March of Dimes. "Cada año miles de bebés no viven para cumplir un año porque nacen demasiado temprano. Ningún padre debe de sufrir el dolor de perder a un niño por la prematuridad, o cualquier otra causa".

La mortalidad infantil registró una caída impresionante de 12 por ciento entre 2005 y 2011 tras años de estancamiento, según el informe del 17 de abril del NCHS titulado Recent Declines in Infant Mortality in the United States, 2005–2011.  Las autoridades de salud celebraron la mejora generalizada para todas las razas y etnias de las causas más comunes de la muerte y en estados con algunas de las tasas más elevadas de mortalidad infantil.

Mientras más temprano nace un bebé, mayor será el riesgo de la muerte, según estadísticas del NCHS. Pero la Dra. Howse dice que es importante señalar que aun los bebés que nacen pocas semanas antes de término – entre 34 y 36 semanas del embarazo – tienen una tasa de mortalidad tres veces más alta que los bebés que nacen a término completo.

Una investigación publicada en el número de junio de 2011 de Obstetrics & Gynecology mostró que aunque el riesgo general de la muerte entre los bebés que nacen a término es pequeño, más que se duplica para los bebés nacidos a las 37 semanas del embarazo, en comparación con los bebés nacidos a las 40 semanas, para todas las razas y etnias.

El informe del NCHS de la semana pasada encontró que los bebés nacidos de mujeres negras no hispanas experimentaron la mejora más significativa de las tasas de mortalidad, 16 por ciento entre 2005 y 2011. Se produjo una mejora de 12 por ciento para los bebés nacidos a mujeres blancas no hispanas y una mejora de 9 por ciento para las hispanas. En adición, las tasas de mortalidad cayeron en cuatro de las cinco principales causas de la muerte infantil – defectos congénitos, nacimientos prematuros y bajo peso al nacer, el Síndrome de Muerte Infantil Súbita, y complicaciones maternas.

Georgia, Luisiana, Carolina del Norte, Carolina del Sur y el Distrito de Columbia, que tuvieron durante años tasas de mortalidad infantil elevadas y persistentes, informaron disminuciones de 20 por ciento o más en sus tasas de mortalidad infantil entre 2005 y 2010, el año más reciente en que se dispone de tasas específicas de un estado.  

En 2013, el March of Dimes está celebrando su 75o aniversario y su trabajo permanente para ayudarles a todos los bebés a tener un comienzo saludable en la vida. Casi 4 millones de bebés nacen cada año en los Estados Unidos, y el March of Dimes ha ayudado a todos a través de la investigación, la educación, las vacunas y los avances.

El  March of Dimes trabaja para mejorar la salud de los bebés previniendo los defectos congénitos, los nacimientos prematuros y la mortalidad infantil. Para los últimos recursos e informaciones, visite marchofdimes.com o nacersano.org. Encuéntrenos en Facebook y síganos en Twitter.

FUENTE  March of Dimes

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