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Las variantes del genoma interactúan entre sí y con el medio ambiente
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deCODE genetics

Sep 14, 2023, 11:00 ET

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- Las variantes del genoma interactúan entre sí y con el medio ambiente para afectar el riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular

REYKJAVIK, Islandia, 14 de septiembre de 2023  /PRNewswire/ -- Los científicos de deCODE Genetics, una filial de Amgen, y sus colaboradores del sistema sanitario islandés y de la Universidad de Copenhague, publican hoy un estudio en la revista Cell titulado "Efectos complejos de variantes de secuencia sobre los niveles de lípidos y la enfermedad de las arterias coronarias".

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Audunn S. Snaebjarnarson, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson and Kari Stefansson, scientists at deCODE genetics and authors on the paper.
Audunn S. Snaebjarnarson, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson and Kari Stefansson, scientists at deCODE genetics and authors on the paper.

El trabajo descrito en el artículo se basa en la búsqueda de variantes en el genoma que se asocian con la variación en los rasgos cuantitativos y la suposición de que esas variantes deben interactuar con otras variantes o componentes del entorno.

Está bien establecido que el colesterol "malo" (también llamado colesterol no HDL y colesterol LDL) contribuye directamente al desarrollo de enfermedades cardiovasculares.

Tanto el medio ambiente como el genoma influyen en el colesterol malo y, en consecuencia, en la salud cardiovascular. Esta influencia puede ser compleja y entrelazada. Por ejemplo, beber alcohol tiende a aumentar el colesterol malo, pero el estudio demostró que los portadores de una variante de secuencia particular que se sabe que ralentiza el metabolismo del alcohol están protegidos contra los efectos negativos del consumo de alcohol en la enfermedad de las arterias coronarias. Los portadores de una secuencia particular de variantes que se asocian con la grasa del hígado son más susceptibles a aumentar el colesterol malo tras el consumo de pescado azul que los no portadores.

De manera similar, los autores muestran que las variantes del genoma interactúan entre sí para afectar los niveles de colesterol. El estudio demuestra que los homocigotos del alelo APOE2, que protege contra el riesgo de padecer la enfermedad de Alzheimer, tienen la misma probabilidad de tener niveles elevados de colesterol malo (colesterol no HDL) que los no portadores, pero tienen muchas menos partículas portadoras del colesterol (ApoB). Estos homocigotos tienen un riesgo similar de desarrollar enfermedad de las arterias coronarias que los no portadores, lo que demuestra que es la cantidad de colesterol malo y no la cantidad de partículas que transportan colesterol malo lo que confiere riesgo de enfermedad. Además, los autores muestran que el estado secretor del grupo sanguíneo influye en los niveles de colesterol y el riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular entre los individuos que no están en el grupo sanguíneo A1, pero no tiene influencia entre aquellos en el grupo sanguíneo A1.

Estos ejemplos resaltan las formas complejas y fascinantes en que el genoma y el medio ambiente interactúan para afectar la salud y demuestran que se requiere una amplia gama de modelos para una comprensión integral de la genética de las enfermedades humanas.

Con sede en Reykjavik, Islandia, deCODE es líder mundial en el análisis y la comprensión del genoma humano. Utilizando su experiencia única y sus recursos poblacionales, deCODE ha descubierto factores de riesgo genéticos para docenas de enfermedades comunes. El propósito de comprender la genética de las enfermedades es utilizar esa información para crear nuevos medios de diagnosticar, tratar y prevenir enfermedades. deCODE es una filial de propiedad absoluta de Amgen (NASDAQ:AMGN).

Contacto de medios:
Thora Kristin Asgeirsdottir,
[email protected]
00354 894 1909

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