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Laureados com o Tang Prize buscam justiça ambiental e judicial por meio de litígios de interesse público
  • Latin America - español


News provided by

The Tang Prize Foundation

Nov 21, 2021, 00:00 ET

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TAIPEI, 21 de novembro de 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- Em conjunto com a cerimônia da premiação Tang Prize de 2020, realizada virtualmente em 20 de novembro, foram apresentados três palestras dos vencedores do Estado de Direito de 2020, em que representantes de três ONGs na Colômbia, Bangladesh e Líbano, respectivamente, compartilharam suas experiências de defender os marginalizados e alcançar justiça ambiental, social e judicial por meio de litígios de interesse público. 

A Professora Vivian Newman Pont, da Dejusticia, enfatizou que para garantir uma vitória em litígios de interesse público, é preciso estabelecer estratégias de forma clara para produzir efeitos que possam facilitar a transformação social e a defesa dos direitos humanos. Em seguida, ela apresentou alguns casos como exemplos. A Dejusticia conseguiu "obter várias decisões do Tribunal Constitucional que asseguraram direitos iguais para casais do mesmo sexo", permitindo-lhes se casar, adotar filhos e ter direito à proteção social como seus equivalentes heterossexuais. Outro exemplo diz respeito ao referendo proposto por partidários do então popular presidente Uribe na tentativa de suprimir o limite do mandato presidencial em seu favor. A Dejusticia colaborou com várias organizações da sociedade civil para conduzir litígios estratégicos e conseguiu preservar a democracia e evitar que a Colômbia chegasse a um regime ditatorial. Outro palestrante da Dejusticia, o Professor Rodrigo Uprimny Yepes, observou que "um litígio estratégico bem-sucedido requer não apenas a existência de normas legais básicas e bem definidas, mas também a acessibilidade do sistema judicial", sem uma das quais poderia levar a uma situação em que em que o litígio estratégico seria impossível. No entanto, "o litígio pode parecer muito oneroso" ou o veredicto emitido por um tribunal pode legitimar a injustiça contra a qual estão lutando.

Syeda Rizwana Hasan, da Associação de Advogados Ambientais de Bangladesh (BELA), destacou que os setores pesqueiro, agrícola e madeireiro são as áreas dominantes em Bangladesh. Portanto, a maioria das pessoas em Bangladesh depende de um ambiente não poluído para sua sobrevivência. Ao conduzir litígios de interesse público, a BELA conseguiu estender a interpretação do "direito à vida constitucionalmente reconhecido" para incluir o "direito ao meio ambiente". Com isso, o governo foi instruído a proteger pântanos, restaurar canais e suspender a alocação de áreas florestais para fins de desenvolvimento, encontrando assim um equilíbrio entre o desenvolvimento econômico e a justiça ambiental.

O Professor Samer Ghamroun, cofundador do The Legal Agenda, explicou em que medida nos países árabes não democráticos, "a lei é muitas vezes uma ferramenta repressiva e exploratória nas mãos de autocratas" e como o espírito do Estado de Direito tem sido distorcido para se adequar à narrativa de um sistema de regra por lei. Nessas circunstâncias, os litígios de interesse público passaram a ser um meio eficaz para iniciar debates públicos e mudanças sociais, com o objetivo de transformar "o ambiente normativo da advocacia."

Por isso, a Tang Prize Foundation convida todos a visitar nosso canal oficial no YouTube para assistir a essas palestras e aprender sobre algumas das questões mais urgentes.

FONTE The Tang Prize Foundation

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