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Les nouvelles technologies posent des défis pour le contrôle des armes biologiques, selon un nouveau rapport du SIPRI
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News provided by

Stockholm International Peace Research Institute

Mar 14, 2019, 05:00 ET

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BERLIN et STOCKHOLM, 14 mars 2019 /PRNewswire/ -- Les progrès en matière de production additive, d'intelligence artificielle et de robotique pourraient faciliter le développement, la production et l'utilisation d'armes biologiques. Selon un nouveau rapport du Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), il est nécessaire d'adapter le cadre de gouvernance existant en matière de contrôle et non-prolifération des armes biologiques afin de faire face aux risques que ces développements posent en matière de sécurité.

Le rapport du SIPRI « Bio Plus X: Arms Control and the Convergence of Biology and Emerging Technologies » (Bio Plus X : contrôle des armes et convergence de la biologie et des technologies émergentes) sera présenté à la conférence internationale « 2019. Capturing technology. Rethinking arms control » (2019. Saisir la technologie. Repenser le contrôle des armes) qui se tiendra le 15 mars 2019 au ministère fédéral des Affaires étrangères allemand à Berlin.

Les technologies émergentes pourraient faciliter la production et l'utilisation d'armes biologiques

Le rapport explore les risques et défis posés par l'interaction entre le développement de la biotechnologie et l'avancée de trois technologies émergentes : la production additive (aussi appelée impression 3D), l'intelligence artificielle et la robotique. « Chacune de ces technologies pourrait, à sa manière, faciliter le développement, la production et l'utilisation d'armes biologiques, et les rendre encore plus dangereuses. », explique Kolja Brockmann, chercheur au SIPRI et auteur principal du rapport. « L'utilisation accrue de robots dans les laboratoires pourrait engendrer des gains de productivité significatifs au cours du cycle de conception-fabrication-essai d'armes biologiques, tandis que l'intelligence artificielle pourrait contribuer à trouver de nouveaux moyens d'optimiser la transmissibilité ou la virulence d'un agent biologique. », ajoute le Dr Vincent Boulanin, chercheur principal au SIPRI sur les technologies émergentes.

Les cadres de gouvernance doivent être renforcés et repensés

Ces trois technologies sont difficiles à maîtriser, notamment en raison de leur caractère numérique et de leur nature duale. « L'un des défis majeurs rencontrés pour un contrôle efficace des armes biologiques réside dans le fait que la structure des traités et les dispositifs institutionnels au sein des ministères et agences gouvernementales ne correspondent pas aux réalités techniques actuelles. », déclare Dr Sibylle Bauer, directrice du programme Armement et Désarmement du SIPRI.

De nouvelles options politiques pourraient apporter une solution aux problèmes de gouvernance

Afin de pallier aux problèmes de gouvernance posés par les technologies émergentes, le rapport préconise que les gouvernements nationaux surveillent et évaluent les développements des sciences et technologies de manière plus systématique. Il recommande par ailleurs de renforcer leurs efforts internationaux visant à promouvoir les comportements responsables en matière de  science et de biosécurité. En outre, le rapport suggère que le secteur privé renforce les normes d'autorégulation et de conformité.

Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
www.sipri.org 

Contact :
Alexandra Manolache
[email protected]
+46-766-286-133

Stephanie Blenckner
[email protected]
+46-8-655-97-47

Related Links

http://www.sipri.org

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