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Los gérmenes durante el embarazo: ¿amigos o enemigos?
  • USA - English

La influencia del microbioma materno en la salud durante el embarazo


News provided by

March of Dimes

Dec 11, 2014, 09:00 ET

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WHITE PLAINS, Nueva York, 11 de diciembre de 2014 /PRNewswire-HISPANIC PR WIRE/ -- Algunas de las bacterias y otros microrganismos que se encuentran en la boca, el aparato digestivo, los órganos reproductivos u otras partes del cuerpo de una mujer podrían ser esenciales para un embarazo sano y también para el desarrollo de la propia colección de microbios del bebé. No obstante, la existencia de algunos o demasiados gérmenes de determinado tipo podría causar un alumbramiento prematuro.

El microbioma, una comunidad de microrganismos que se encuentran sobre el cuerpo y en su interior, es un área poco estudiada en las investigaciones y podría ayudar a explicar problemáticas de salud tan diversas como los nacimientos prematuros, el asma y la artritis.

En el marco de la recepción ofrecida el día de hoy por March of Dimes dos expertos en el microbioma, la Dra. Kjersti Aagaard, médica y doctorada en filosofía, Instituto de Medicina Baylor, y Jacques Ravel, doctorado en filosofía, Instituto de Ciencia Genómica, Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Maryland, presentaron sus más recientes investigaciones sobre la forma en que el microbioma de la placenta y la vagina podría afectar la duración del embarazo y cuándo pueden ser útiles o no estos gérmenes.

Durante más de un siglo se creyó que el útero y la placenta de la mujer embarazada eran ambientes estériles que protegían al feto de las bacterias del resto del cuerpo. Sin embargo, las investigaciones recientes señalan que la placenta humana posee su propio microbioma y que probablemente las células bacterianas de la placenta e provengan de otras partes del cuerpo de la madre.

Los científicos que buscan comprender los detonantes del parto en un alumbramiento prematuro tienen gran interés en desentrañar la función del microbioma. Hay diferencias entre las bacterias que se encuentran en la vagina de una mujer embarazada y una que no lo está, y las bacterias de la placenta son distintas según las semanas transcurridas del embarazo.

Si bien podría haber una relación entre la dieta y el estilo de vida de una mujer y su microbioma, las investigaciones aún no arrojan consejos específicos para pacientes más allá de las pautas generales: una dieta sana y baja en grasas, así como un juicioso uso de los antibióticos.

Cada año nacen más de 450,000 bebés prematuros en los Estados Unidos. Los nacimientos prematuros son la principal causa de muerte de recién nacidos y los bebés que sobreviven a un nacimiento prematuro suelen enfrentar graves problemas de salud, a veces a lo largo de toda la vida, como deficiencias respiratorias, ictericia, desarrollo retardado, pérdida de visión y parálisis cerebral. Incluso los bebés que nacen unas cuantas semanas antes de término muestran mayores tasas de muerte y discapacidad que los bebés que sí llegan a término.

March of Dimes es la organización no lucrativa líder en el fomento de la salud de los bebés y durante el embarazo. Nuestra misión es mejorar la salud de los bebés mediante la prevención de defectos de nacimiento, los nacimientos prematuros y la mortalidad infantil. Consulte los más recientes materiales y la información sobre salud en nuestros sitios web marchofdimes.org y nacersano.org, y conozca más sobre los Centros de Investigación sobre Alumbramientos Prematuros en prematurityresearch.org. Encuéntrenos en Facebook o síganos en Twitter.

FUENTE March of Dimes

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