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Más de dos horas diarias frente a la pantalla se relaciona con problemas cognitivos y de comportamiento en niños nacidos extremadamente prematuros

Un estudio financiado por los NIH encuentra déficits en el IQ general, en las habilidades de resolución de problemas y en el control de impulsos


News provided by

Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Institutes of Health (NIH)

Jul 16, 2021, 15:44 ET

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BETHESDA, Maryland, 16 de julio de 2021 /PRNewswire-HISPANIC PR WIRE/ --

QUÉ:
Según un estudio financiado por Institutos Nacionales de Salud, entre las personas de 6 y 7 años que nacieron extremadamente prematuras (antes de la 28.ª semana de embarazo), aquellas que pasan más de dos horas frente a las pantallas al día presentaron una probabilidad mayor de mostrar déficit en el coeficiente intelectual (IQ) general, en la función ejecutiva (habilidades de resolución de problemas), en el control de impulsos y en la atención. Del mismo modo, quienes cuentan con televisor o computadora en sus habitaciones presentan una probabilidad mayor de tener problemas para controlar sus impulsos y prestar atención. Los hallazgos sugieren que altas cantidades de tiempo de pantalla pueden exacerbar déficits cognitivos y problemas de comportamiento comunes a los niños nacidos extremadamente prematuros.

El estudio fue realizado por Betty R. Vohr, M.D., y colegas. Está disponible en JAMA Pediatrics. El financiamiento fue aportado por el Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano Eunice Kennedy Shriver (NICHD) de los NIH; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; y National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences.

Estudios anteriores han relacionado las altas cantidades de tiempo de pantalla entre los niños nacidos a término completo con problemas de lenguaje, desarrollo, conductuales, entre otros. En el presente estudio, los investigadores analizaron datos de un estudio con niños nacidos a las 28 semanas o antes. De 414 niños, 238 pasaban más de dos horas frente a la pantalla al día y 266 tenían un televisor o una computadora en sus habitaciones. En comparación con los niños con menos tiempo de pantalla por día, aquellos con altas cantidades de tiempo de pantalla obtuvieron un déficit promedio de casi 8 puntos en los puntajes del percentil para la función ejecutiva global, aproximadamente 0.8 puntos menos en control de impulsos (inhibición) y más de 3 puntos por encima en falta de atención. Los niños con televisor o computadora en sus habitaciones también puntuaron más bajo en las medidas de inhibición, hiperactividad e impulsividad.

Los autores concluyeron que los hallazgos respaldan la necesidad de que los médicos discutan los efectos potenciales del tiempo de pantalla con las familias de los niños nacidos extremadamente prematuros.

QUIÉN:
Andrew Bremer, M.D., Ph.D., director interino de la División de Embarazo y Perinatología del NICHD, está disponible para comentarios.

ARTÍCULO:
Vohr, BE, et al. Asociación del altas cantidades de tiempo de pantalla con resultados cognitivos, de función ejecutiva y conductuales durante la edad escolar en niños extremadamente prematuros. JAMA Pediatrics.2021. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.2041

###

Acerca del Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano Eunice Kennedy Shriver (NICHD): El NICHD lidera la investigación y la capacitación para comprender el desarrollo humano, mejorar la salud reproductiva, mejorar la vida de niños y adolescentes y optimizar las capacidades de todas las personas. Para obtener más información, visite https://www.nichd.nih.gov.

Acerca de los Institutos Nacionales de Salud (NIH): Los NIH, la agencia de investigación médica de la nación, incluye 27 institutos y centros y es un componente del Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los Estados Unidos. Los NIH son la principal agencia federal que adelanta y apoya investigaciones médicas básicas, clínicas y traslacionales, y está investigando las causas, tratamientos y curas tanto para enfermedades comunes como raras. Para obtener más información sobre los NIH y sus programas, visite https://www.nih.gov.

FUENTE Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Institutes of Health (NIH)

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