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Mês de Conscientização dos Cânceres de Sangue


News provided by

Bristol Myers Squibb

Sep 22, 2020, 10:00 ET

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Pacientes com mieloma múltiplo estão entre os mais vulneráveis às complicações da Covid-19

Enfrentamento do câncer durante a pandemia exige atenção especial à saúde mental

SÃO PAULO, 22 de setembro de 2020 /PRNewswire/ -- Pacientes que enfrentam cânceres hematológicos são os mais suscetíveis a complicações decorrentes da Covid-191. Essa afirmação baseia-se no acometimento do sistema imunológico desses indivíduos, que aumenta o risco de agravamento de infecções. Globalmente, há um esforço para orientar o manejo dessa população, a fim de protegê-la do novo coronavírus, sem prejudicar o tratamento e com ampla atenção à saúde da mente.

Documento da Associação Brasileira de Hematologia, Hemoterapia e Terapia Celular (ABHH)2 a respeito do cuidado do paciente com mieloma múltiplo, doença responsável por 10% dos casos de tumores do sangue3,  explica que a susceptibilidade desses pacientes deve-se à soma de diversos fatores. Essa é uma patologia mais frequente após os 60 anos de idade, faixa etária em que comorbidades como hipertensão e diabetes são mais presentes.

Além disso, esse tipo de câncer afeta a medula óssea e causa danos imunológicos, o que deixa o organismo mais vulnerável: mieloma está associado a um risco 10 vezes maior para infecções virais e a probabilidade de mortalidade por elas aumenta de 2% para 12%, em comparação com pessoas que não têm a neoplasia2. Ainda, é importante considerar que mieloma múltiplo aumenta a chance de trombose2 – complicação que pode ocorrer na Covid-19, por conta da  intensa reação inflamatória4.

Atentos a esses desafios, centros médicos que recebem pacientes oncológicos se prepararam para garantir a saúde e a segurança de todos. O sucesso do enfrentamento do câncer depende do cuidado integral, assim, essa atenção é fundamental. "Os serviços de saúde precisam estar preparados para zelar pela integridade das pessoas que enfrentam o mieloma múltiplo, com profissionais cientes de suas especificidades. Os centros hematológicos e hospitais em que ocorre o tratamento também equiparam-se para garantir a segurança desses indivíduos e transmitir a confiança necessária para continuidade da terapia", afirma Angelica Pavão, Diretora Médica da Bristol Myers Squibb Brasil .

Em todo o mundo, o número de sessões para manejo terapêutico do câncer está diminuindo por conta da Covid-19. Somado ao medo de ir ao hospital, questões relacionadas à saúde mental potencializam esse cenário.

Uma pesquisa publicada na revista Nature apontou que 16% dos pacientes oncológicos sofrem com algum tipo de transtorno psicológico. Durante a pandemia, o quadro intensificou-se, com maior incidência de crises de ansiedade (29%), depressão (17%) e estresse (8%). Porém, no período, apenas 1% buscou apoio profissional. Ou seja, fragilizados física e mentalmente, essas pessoas tendem a isolar-se e a não buscar tratamento – ação que prejudica seu bem-estar. É formado, assim, um perigoso círculo vicioso.5

Especificamente no câncer hematológico, um levantamento inglês concluiu que mais da metade dos pacientes sentem a saúde psicológica prejudicada pela pandemia – e 10% diz que o impacto é grave. Para 25%, a principal preocupação nesse período é o comprometimento do seu tratamento.6

"O olhar atento à saúde mental do paciente com câncer é fundamental, sobretudo em meio a momentos traumáticos como este que estamos vivendo, na crise do novo coronavírus. O trabalho dos médicos, cuidadores, familiares e amigos deve ser direcionado à prevenção do declínio do estado psicológico, fator que determina o sucesso do combate à patologia e, consequentemente, o prognóstico e a sobrevida", alerta Angélica.

Associações de pacientes representam papel fundamental nesse cenário: não à toa, muitas instituições voltadas a essas populações oferecem serviços gratuitos direcionados ao cuidado com a saúde da mente, com suporte de especialistas. Durante a pandemia, muitos desses serviços são feitos remotamente, com atendimento virtual.

Mais sobre mieloma múltiplo

Os sintomas mais comuns do mieloma múltiplo são dano ósseo, aumento dos níveis de cálcio no sangue, anemia, maior número de infecções e comprometimento renal. Suas causas ainda não estão estabelecidas, bem como os mecanismos de prevenção – porém, é sabido que idade avançada e histórico familiar são fatores de risco. Para decidir a melhor intervenção terapêutica, é preciso conversar com o médico a fim de entender as opções disponíveis e seus benefícios. Em geral, há imunoterapia, quimioterapia, terapia-alvo, radioterapia, e transplante de medula óssea.7

A despeito de ser uma doença crônica, o mieloma múltiplo teve avanços importantes no prognóstico, graças ao desenvolvimento científico e inovações que aprimoraram as ferramentas diagnósticas e terapêuticas que proporcionam melhores resultados e mais qualidade de vida aos pacientes.

Sobre a Bristol Myers Squibb  

A Bristol Myers Squibb é uma biofarmacêutica global que tem como missão descobrir, desenvolver e disponibilizar medicamentos inovadores que ajudem a transformar a vida de pacientes que enfrentam doenças graves. Para mais informações sobre a Bristol-Myers Squibb, visite BMS.com/br ou siga-nos no LinkedIn, Twitter, YouTube, Facebook e Instagram. Celgene e Juno Therapeutics são subsidiárias integrais da Bristol-Myers Squibb. Em alguns países, devido às leis locais, Celgene e Juno Therapeutics são referenciadas como Celgene, uma empresa da Bristol Myers Squibb e Juno Therapeutics, uma empresa da Bristol Myers Squibb.

Referências:

1 Fiocruz. https://www.fiotec.fiocruz.br/noticias/outros/7096-a-covid-19-e-pessoas-com-cancer. Último acesso em 4 de setembro de 2020.
2 Hungria, Vania et al. Managing patients with multiple myeloma during the COVID-19 pandemic: recommendations from an expert panel – ABHH monoclonal gammopathies committee. Vol. 42. Issue 3.pages 200-205 (July - September 2020).
3 S. Vincent Rajkumar, Multiple Myeloma: 2016 update on Diagnosis, Risk-stratification and Management. Am J Hematol. 2016 Jul; 91(7): 719–734.
4 Pebmed. Anticoagulação na Covid-19: orientações da Sociedade Brasileira de Trombose e Hemostasia. https://pebmed.com.br/anticoagulacao-na-covid-19-orientacoes-da-sociedade-brasileira-de-trombose-e-hemostasia/. Último acesso em 4 de setembro de 2020.
5 Wang, Y., Duan, Z., Ma, Z. et al. Epidemiology of mental health problems among patients with cancer during COVID-19 pandemic. Transl Psychiatry 10, 263 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-020-00950-y
6 Blood câncer UK. https://bloodcancer.org.uk/news/coronavirus-mental-health-crisis-people-blood-cancer/. Último acesso em 4 de setembro de 2020.
7 International Myeloma Foundation. Disponível em: https://www.myeloma.org.br/. Último acesso em 4 de setembro de 2020.

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