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      Neue Medikamentenklasse verhindert wesentlichen Alterungsmechanismus bei Organtransplantationen


      News provided by

      The European Society for Organ Transplantation (ESOT)

      Sep 17, 2023, 18:01 ET

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      ATHEN, Griechenland, 18. September 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- Eine neue Studie hat gezeigt, dass Senolytics, eine neue Klasse von Medikamenten, das Potenzial hat, die Übertragung von Seneszenz, einem Schlüsselmechanismus des Alterns, bei Empfängern älterer Spenderorgane zu verhindern. 

      Die bahnbrechende Forschung, die heute auf dem Kongress 2023 der European Society for Organ Transplantation (ESOT) vorgestellt wurde, eröffnet vielversprechende Wege zur Erweiterung des Organspenderpools und zur Verbesserung der Patientenergebnisse.

      Durch die Transplantation älterer Spenderorgane in jüngere Empfänger untersuchten Forscher der Harvard Medical School und der Mayo Clinic die Rolle der Transplantation bei der Auslösung von Seneszenz, einem biologischen Mechanismus, der mit dem Alter und altersbedingten Krankheiten verbunden ist. Die Forscher führten altersunterschiedliche Herzinstransplantationen sowohl von jungen (3 Monate) als auch alten (18 bis 21 Monate) Mäusen an jüngere Empfänger durch. Die Empfänger alter Herzen zeigten, im Vergleich zu Empfängern, die junge Transplantationen erhielten, eine erhöhte Häufigkeit seneszenter Zellen beim Entwässern von Lymphknoten, Lebern und Muskeln, sowie erhöhte systemische mt-DNA-Werte. Es fiel auf, dass die Transplantation alter Organe zu fortgeschrittenen körperlichen und kognitiven Beeinträchtigungen bei Empfängern führte. 

      Die Studie entdeckte auch eine potenzielle Lösung für diesen Prozess durch den Einsatz von Senolytics — einer neuen Klasse von Medikamenten, die entwickelt wurden, um alternde Zellen anvisieren und zu eliminieren. Als alte Spender vor der Organbeschaffung mit Senolytics (Dasatinib and Quercetin) behandelt wurden, wurde die Übertragung der Seneszenz durch eine verringerte Ansammlung von seneszenten Zellen und mt-DNA deutlich reduziert. Empfänger, die mit Senolytics behandelte alte Organe erhielten, zeigten eine verbesserte körperliche Fitness, die mit Beobachtungen bei Empfängern junger Organe vergleichbar war.

      Maximillian J. Roesel, der die Studie als Teil der Gruppe in Brigham und Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School präsentiert, kommentierte: „Das Spenderalter spielt eine entscheidende Rolle für den Erfolg der Transplantation, wobei Empfänger älterer Organe schlimmere Ergebnisse haben. Dennoch ist der Einsatz älterer Spenderorgane entscheidend, um den weltweiten Organmangel zu bekämpfen, und diese Forschung beleuchtet grundlegende Herausforderungen und potenzielle Lösungen für die Verwendung älterer Organe".

      „In Zukunft werden wir die potenzielle Rolle von Senolytics bei der Verhinderung der Übertragung von Seneszenz bei Menschen weiter untersuchen. Diese Forschung ist äußerst spannend, da sie uns dabei helfen kann, die Ergebnisse zu verbessern und auch mehr Organe für Transplantation zur Verfügung zu stellen", folgerte Stefan G. Tullius, der Hauptautor der Studie.

      Hinweis für Redaktionen: 

      Ein Verweis auf den ESOT-Kongress 2023 muss in allen Berichten enthalten sein. 

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